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Literary Terminology
Literary Terminology
88
English
9th Grade
05/11/2015

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Term
Author’s Purpose
Definition
A writer writes to inform, to express, to entertain, to persuade
Term
Audience
Definition
The intended recipient of a piece of literature or writing
Term
Prose
Definition
All forms of writing that are not written in verse (poetry)
Term
Fiction
Definition
Prose that has imaginary events and/or elements. The two basic types are: Short Stories and Novels
Term
Non-Fiction
Definition
prose that is written about real places, people, and/or events. Information is factual. Types of this are: autobiography, biography, newspaper/magazine articles.
Term
Narration
Definition
the process of telling a story
Term
Tone
Definition
The writer’s/author’s attitude about his subject. Word choice the writer uses
Term
Mood
Definition
The feeling or atmosphere that is created for the reader through the use of
Term
Figurative Language
Definition
language that communicates information beyond the literal meaning
Term
Imagery
Definition
the “picture” the story creates through words that involve the senses (Sight, hearing, smell, taste and texture(touch)
Term
Simile
Definition
The practice of drawing parallel comparisons of two dissimilar objects (Comparing two items using the words "like" or "as"
Term
Metaphor
Definition
The practice of referring to one object with the meaning of another. (comparing two unlike items without using “like” or “as”)
Term
Personification
Definition
giving non- living item “human” characteristics
Term
Hyperbole
Definition
An exaggerated statement that may be used to create a strong impression or feelings to its reader
Term
Idiom
Definition
an expression that cannot be understood from the meanings of its separate words but that has a separate meaning of its own
Term
Oxymoron
Definition
combining two words of opposite meaning to form/describe something
Term
Allusion
Definition
an indirect reference to a well-known person, place, event or object in history or other literary work
Term
Analogy
Definition
a comparison of similar qualities of two items that are otherwise not similar
Term
Symbolism
Definition
The use of symbols to signify ideas and qualities by giving them symbolic meanings that are different from their literal sense
Term
Main Idea
Definition
what the story is about overall (NOT specific details)
Term
Theme
Definition
The message the writer/author is trying to convey (say/teach) in the story
Term
Point of View
Definition
the perspective that a story is told/written
Term
First Person Point of View (POV)
Definition
the narrator/writer is a character in the story and uses words: “I” “Me”, “My”, “Mine”
Term
Second Person Point of View (POV)
Definition
The narrator is speaking to the reader. Uses the word “You”, “Your” or has indirect meaning that “you” are being spoken to. (often used in directions)
Term
Third Person Point of View
Definition
the writer is not one of the characters. Uses pronouns “He”, “She”, ”They”,
Term
3rd Person - Omniscient POV
Definition
The narrator is “All Knowing.” Many different characters thoughts, feelings, and actions are observed.
Term
3rd Person - Limited POV
Definition
The narrator focus on only ONE character’s thoughts, feelings and actions
Term
Anecdote
Definition
A short, funny, and interesting account of an incident
Term
Foreshadowing
Definition
The writer’s use of hints or clues to tell the reader about a future event
Term
Flashback
Definition
the author depicts the occurrence of specific events to the reader, which have taken place before the present time the narration is following, or events that have happened before the events that are currently unfolding in the story
Term
Plot
Definition
The events in a story
Term
Irony
Definition
Contrast of what you see/hear and what really is
Term
Verbal Irony
Definition
Someone says one thing and means another. (similar to sarcasm)
Term
Situational Irony
Definition
difference in what is expected to happen and what really happens
Term
Dramatic Irony
Definition
When the reader knows more about the situation or character than the character does
Term
Paradox
Definition
a statement that appears to contradict itself but actually may be telling the truth
Term
Inference
Definition
making a possible conclusion about something based on the information or clues given.
Term
Fact
Definition
a statement that can be verified
Term
Opinion
Definition
a personal belief or point of view that cannot be proven true.
Term
Sequence
Definition
the order of information or events in which they happen
Term
Cause
Definition
the reason something happens
Term
Effect
Definition
is the result of something happening
Term
Motif
Definition
a recurring image, word, phrase, action, idea, object, or situation used throughout a work
Term
Characterization
Definition
the core things the author tells us about a character / the ways we judge that character (or another person)
Term
Characterization-Emergence
Definition
judging a character on first impression
Term
Characterization-Speech
Definition
judging a character on what the character says
Term
Characterization-Actions
Definition
judging a character on what they do
Term
Characterization-Thoughts
Definition
judging a character on their beliefs or what they think
Term
Characterization-reactions
Definition
judging a character on how other react to them
Term
Poetry
Definition
Prose written in Verse
Term
Speaker
Definition
the voice of the poem
Term
Stanza
Definition
formal division of the lines of poetry : looks similar to paragraphs
Term
Rhyme Scheme
Definition
The pattern in which the lines of the poem repeat sounds at the end of each line. Each new Rhyme is labeled with a different letter
Term
Free Verse
Definition
poetry that has no rhyme scheme
Term
Alliteration
Definition
A repitition of the same consonant sounds at the beginning of  words.
Term
Consonance
Definition
A repitition of the same consonant sounds in the middle or at the end of a words.
Term
Assonance
Definition
A repitition of the same vowel sounds at the beginning of  words.
Term
Onomatopoeia
Definition
Words that immitate their sounds
Term
Rhythm
Definition
The flow of sound created by the arrangement of the stressed and unstressed syllables in a sentence
Term
Meter
Definition
The repetition of a regular rhythmic unit in a line of poetry
Term
Couplet
Definition
a poem with only 2 lines
Term
Sonnet
Definition
a 14-lines poem with rhyme scheme and meter. Often written in Iambic Pentameter
Term
Iambic Pentameter
Definition
a poem that is made up of 5 feet each of which is made up of 2 syllables
Term
Haiku
Definition
a poem with 3 lines and 17 syllables. The first and third line have 5 syllables and the middle line has 7 syllables
Term
Drama
Definition
Prose presented in dialogue involving characters
Term
Act
Definition
A major division of a play
Term
Scene
Definition
A subdivision of an act with fixed setting or a continuous time frame.
Term
Stage Directions
Definition
describe the setting and tell the actor what to do
Term
Slug-line
Definition
description that gives information of action the character is physically performing
Term
Monologue
Definition
a long speech given by one character to another
Term
Soliloquy
Definition
a speech given by one character while alone on stage
Term
Thesis
Definition
The idea, statement, argument, comparision, or point the writer is going to make or defend in their essay
Term
Narrative
Definition
story written for entertainment
Term
Setting
Definition
Time and Place where a story is taking place
Term
Characters
Definition
People or animals in the story
Term
Static Character
Definition
A character that remains the same throughout the story or novel.
Term
Dynamic Character
Definition
The character evolves, changes, develops throughout the story
Term
Flat character
Definition
A character who reveals few personality traits in a story or novel
Term
Round Character
Definition
A well developed character who demonstrates varied and sometimes contradictory traits
Term
Protagonist
Definition
The main character
Term
Antagonist
Definition
The character that opposes the main character
Term
Conflict
Definition
A problem or event that triggers events in the story
Term
External Conflict
Definition
Man vs. Man, Man vs Nature, Man vs. Society
Term
Internal Conflict
Definition
Man vs. Himself
Term
Rising Action
Definition
The events in the story that lead up to the climax
Term
Climax
Definition
The turning point of the story; the outcome of the conflict becomes clear
Term
Falling Action
Definition
The events that happen as a result of the climax; it leads to the resolution
Term
Resolution
Definition
Reveals the final outcome of the conflict.
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