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Literacy Terms
terms used in our course textbooks
57
Education
Undergraduate 4
02/04/2014

Additional Education Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

 

 

 

phonemic awareness

Definition

 


the ability to consciously manipulate individual phonemes in a spoken language

Term


phonemes

Definition

 

 

the smallest unit of speech that distinguishes one word from another

Term

 

 

graphemes

Definition

 

 

the smallest unit (letter or digraph) of a written system

Term

 

 

phonemic awareness strategies

Definition

  

  • Elknonin Boxes
  • Blending sounds to say a word
  • Resource:www.readingrockets.org/teaching/reading101/phonemic
Term

 

 

sound-isolation activities

Definition

 

  • Identify beginning or ending sounds of words
  • Alliteration poems or phrases
  • Key words for each letter (i.e. Sammy Snake)
Term

 

 

sound-blending activities

Definition

 

 

  • Elkonin Boxes
  • word families
  • Resource: http://www.readinga-z.com/phonological-awareness/phonological-awareness-lessons/
Term

 

 

Elkonin Boxes

Definition
[image]
Term

 

 

phonemic awareness assessment tools

Definition

 

  • Yopp-Singer Assessment
  • Identify rhyming words
  • Blend isolated sounds to produce a word
Term

 

 

phonics

Definition

 

 

the systematic relationship between letters and sounds

 

letters + sounds = phonics

Term

 

 

consonant digraphs

Definition

 

 

 

two letters represent one sound


sh, ch, th, wh

Term

 

 

consonant blends

Definition

 

 

two- or three-letter sequences that are blended together

 

bl, cl, fl, gl, pl, sl, br, cr, dr, fr, gr, pr, tr, sc, scr, sk, sp, st, squ, sw

Term

 

 

vowel digraphs

Definition

 

 

two letters that represent one sound


ai, ea, ee, oa, oo

Term

 

 

diphthongs

Definition

 

 

one vowel sound glides to the next vowel sound in the same syllable

 

oi, oy, ou, ow

Term

 

 

R-controlled vowels

Definition

 

 

r influences the way the preceding vowel is pronounced


ar, ar+e, ur, ir, or, ore

Term

 

 

phonograms

Definition

 

 

the grapheme(s) that represent the phoneme in a word; onset and rimes

Term

 


onset

Definition

 

 

the initial consonant sound(s) in a word

 

/s/ in sun or /sl/ in slide

Term

 

 

word ladders

Definition

 

games where children change one word into another through a series of steps, altering one letter at each step; the goal is to use as few steps as possible to change the first word into the last word

Term

 

 

running records

Definition

 


teachers observe individual children as they read aloud and record information to analyze their reading fluency

Term

 

 

simile

Definition

 

 

a comparison signaled by the use of like or as

Term

 

 

metaphor

Definition

 


compares two things by implying one thing is the other, without using

like or as

Term

 

 

Fry Readability Graph

Definition

 



a graph used to predict the grade-level score for texts


Term

 

 

Lexile Framework

Definition

 


measures both children's reading levels and the difficulty level of books

Term

 

 

Fountas and Pinnell's

Leveled Books

Definition

 


a text gradient that arranges books along a continuum from easiest to hardest using 10 variables

Term

 

 

Three Tiers of Words

Definition
  1. Basic Words
  2. Academic Vocabulary
  3. Specialized Terms
Term

 

 

reading logs

Definition

 


journals in which children write their reactions to books they are reading or listening to the teacher read aloud

Term

 

 

book talks

Definition

 


brief teasers that teachers give to introduce books and interest children in reading them

Term

 

 

Informal Reading Inventories

Definition

 


an individually administered reading test used to determine children's independent, instructional, and frustration levels

Term

 

 

Language Assessment Scales

Definition

 

 

assessments of English Language Learners in the following areas: reading, writing, listening, speaking, and comprehension


Resource: https://www.ctb.com/ctb.com/control/ctbProductViewAction?p=products&productId=780

Term

 

 

open-mind portrait

Definition

 


children draw open-mind portraits to help them think more deeply about a character, reflect on story events from the character's point of view, and analyze the theme

Term

 

 

learning logs

Definition

 


used during thematic units; booklets in which children record information, write questions, summarize big ideas, draw diagrams, and reflect on learning

Term

 

 

homonyms

Definition

 


words that sound alike or

are spelled alike

(homographs, homophones, homographic homophones)

Term

 

 

Student Oral Language Observation

Definition

 

 

an assessment of oral language development based on teacher observations

 

Resource: http://www.cal.org/twi/evaltoolkit/appendix/solom.pdf

Term

 


homophones

Definition

 

words that sound alike,

but are spelled differently

(ate-eight, hear-here)

Term

 

 

choral reading

Definition

 

 

students read the same text in unison

Term

 

 

language experience approach

Definition

 

 

students dictate a story or sentences to the teacher based on a shared learning experience

Term

 

 

grand conversations

Definition

 

 

an authentic discussion about a book and led by the students

Term

 

 

interactive writing

Definition

the teacher "shares the pen" with a student and verbally guides the child as he/she writes on a chart

[image]

Term

 

 

syntax/syntactical

Definition

 

 

how words are out together to form phrases, clauses, or sentences; the structure of a language

Term

 

 

pragmatics

Definition

 

 

the study of what words mean in particular social situations

Term

 

 

Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills

Definition

"describes the development of conversational fluency in the second language"


[image]

Term

 

 

Cognitive Academic Language (CALP)

Definition

"the use of language in decontextualized

academic situations for second language learners"


[image]

Term

 

 

Assessment of Literacy and Language (ALL)

Definition

 

 

"assesses spoken language and written language skills including: listening comprehension, language comprehension, semantics, syntax, phonological awareness, phonics, and concepts about print"


Resource: https://www.pearsonclinical.com.au/productdetails/22/1/58

Term

 

 

Teacher Rating of Oral Language (TROLL)

Definition

 

a teacher's perception of a child's emergent literacy skills based on observations and anecdotal notes


Resource: http://www-tc.pbs.org/teacherline/courses/rdla200/docs/s2_rt.pdf

 

Term

 

 

Concepts About Print (CAP)

Definition

 


basic understanding about the way print works, including the direction of print, spacing, punctuation, letters, and words

Term

 

 

Schema Theory

Definition

 


knowledge is organized into cognitive structures; describes how children learn;Piaget's assimilation and accommodation

Term

 

 

Engagement Theory

Definition

 


engaged learners are intrinsically motivated; they do more reading and writing; students are confident they will reach their goals

Term

 

 

Situated Learning Theory

Definition

 


learning is a function of the activity, context, and culture in which it occurs; children learn best through authentic and meaningful activities

Term

 

 

Critical Literacy

Definition


language is means for social action

and students can be agents of

social change

Term

 

 

Information Processing

Definition

 


compares the mind to a computer and describes how information moves through a series of processing units-sensory register, short-term memory, and long-term memory

Term

 

 

Transactive Theory

Definition

 


comprehension, or interpretation, is the result of a two-way transaction between the reader and the text

Term

 

 

metacognition

Definition

 

 

awareness or analysis of one's own thinking or learning

Term

 

 

literature circles

Definition

 


children choose a book from several book sets and form a book club to read the book; they develop a reading and discussion schedule

Term

 

 

environmental print

Definition

 

 

[image]

Term

 

 

alphabetic  principle

Definition

 

 

a letter or combination of letters represent a sound

Term

 

 

homograph

Definition

 


words are spelled alike, but are pronounced differently

(wind, bow, record)

Term

 

 

Sociocultural Theory

Definition

 


reading and writing are viewed as social activities that reflect the culture and community

Term

 

 

rime

Definition

 

 

composed of the vowel and any remaining consonants within a syllable

 

/ag/ in tag

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