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| increasing technology ext. industrializations, capitalism, socialism ext. |
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| artistic movement in 18th century, revolt against social/political norms of age of enlightenment, strong during industrial revolution. strong emotion. frakenstein, dracula (hawthorne, poe) |
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| visual arts/literature. ugly truth. against romanticism (james, chekhov) |
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| outgrowth of realism.. racism, poverty ext. artists too blunt. (crane, wharton) |
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| semiology, structuralism. the sign |
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| 1920s-1960s.. attention to actual text, rejcts biographys and historicism. ambiguity, text has multiple meanings |
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| any type of interpretation of a text, themes and devices. against romanticism, relates to new criticism. ww2 |
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| problem with judging text by authors purpose. fallacy about intent! |
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| problem with judging emotional effect on reader. against impressionisitc criticism, which says readers response counts. |
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| new technology, new ideas by artists. wwi (woolf, joyce) ww2 humans beings can create and improve their enviroment with experimentation and intelligence. ideas to deal with challenges of the day. rejction of intelligble plots of characterization in novels and creation of poetry defied clear interpretation |
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| ernest hemingway. the sun also rises. after wwi (hemingway, fitzgerald, anderson, pierce) |
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| narrative mode where someones point of view is given in writing, often showing the persons thought processes. jilting of granny weatherall |
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| breaks down the text. saussure. took over existentialism. wwi. 'course in general linguistics' blind faith for higher beam. 'mythologies' book. system of signs. |
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| semiology, structurialism, marxism. author doesnt mater, what matters is what readers sees of the text. meaning not consistant. wrote 'mythologies' signs. |
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| saussure, language is a system of signs. text is broken down to see these signs. |
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| signified (word) on top, signifier (picture) on bottom. |
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| sound imagine, not material concept. (picture) bottom. |
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| georg willhelm friedrich hegel |
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| master-slave dialectic. relationship between nature and freedom, concept of mind that manifested itself in set of contradictions that are integrated and united. |
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| hegel. two beings struggle to death, one becomes the master. master is diappointed |
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| method of persuaive argumentation between two. common meanings |
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| read something while considering background |
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| belief that any piece of work has a set of characteristics that are required. generalization that certain properties of a group are universal. 'all people fight for success' |
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| karl marx. relates to marxism. common values are shared by a certain community.. accepted beliefs. reflects domiant classes beliefs. |
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| capitalism and social change.. class struggle = social change in west. people who arent working are alienated. domiant ideology |
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| coined by karl marx.. seperation of things that usually belong. can relate to social class. |
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| marxism. actual usefulness of product |
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| actual value in terms of money/labor/other products. alienation |
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| combines grotesque with setting of south. ironic, unusual events, explores social issues with south. (falkner, o'conner) |
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| strange, fantasic, bizarre. empathy and disgust, not a character though. the tempest by shakespeare, caliban more nauanced reastions than simple disgust. |
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| blacks. black literature taken seriously, end of wwi |
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| kate chopin. mrs millard has heart problem, husband has died. sister josephine and husbands friends richard break the news. mrs millard excited, free from depression. 'free! body and soul free!' surprised by josephine's cry. she died of heart disease, 'of joy that kills' |
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| anton chekhov. realism. dmitiri gurov vactions in yalta, meets lower race women for sex.. meets anna sergeyevna, they have an affair. they visit eachother but can never be together. |
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| franz kafka. modernism and marxist views are seen. gregor, salesman who hates his job, paying off fathers debt. turns into a roach, cant get to work. grete suster takes care of him, plays violin. gregors mother suffers because of his transformation. gregor dies sadly in his room. family tells lodgers they must leave. go to the countryside, they search for a husband for grete |
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| the horse dealers daughter |
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| d h lawrence. modernity, industrialization. mabel discoveres her family is now poor, her 3 brothers leave. tries to kill herself, is saved by jack ferguson, friends with one of mabels brothers. jack forces himself to love her, not real love.. doom |
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| james joyce. modernism. boy goes to fair, has crush on friends sister and wants to bring her a present. epiphany that mangans sister is just a girl and even if he gets her something she wont like him. she cant go cause of a school retreat |
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| the jilting of granny weatherall |
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| katherine anne porter. granny weatherall, old woman very sick. goes through stream of consiousness. left at the alter by george, her x fiance. jilted again by the lack of signs at her death. john is her deceased husband, weatherall has all his old letters. cornelia and lydia, daughters at her death. hapsy is favorite daughter, and is asked for repeatidly |
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| virginia woolf. modernism. couples walk through the gardens. eleanor and simon, simon remembers his past love lily. thought if a dragonfly lands on a leaf its a sign that lily would say yes to marriage. snail trying to reach his goal, leaf in way. red blue and yellow. |
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| virginia woolf. modernism. couples walk through the gardens. eleanor and simon, simon remembers his past love lily. thought if a dragonfly lands on a leaf its a sign that lily would say yes to marriage. snail trying to reach his goal, leaf in way. red blue and yellow. |
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| hills like white elephants |
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| william faulkner. southern gothic. major de spain hires tenant abner snopes, son sarty (colonel sartoris snopes) wife lennie snopes. ab served in the civil war, named song after that. |
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| a good man is hard to find |
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| flannery o'conner. southern gothic. grandmother is annoying, brings cat in car after everyone says no. they go to see a house in alabama, didnt go to florida because of the misfits. car gets in accident, misfits find them, grandmother says they are good people. she says you are one of my babies and is shot. bailey, son, killed in woods. baileys wife, killed in woods. john weasley, son killed in woods. all dead. |
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| the conscience of the court |
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| zora neal hurtson. harlem renissance. laura lee kimble on trial for protecting mrs clairbornes belongings and herself from mr beasley. attacked him because he was abusing her and trying to take her things. clement beasley gave her a loan. mrs. claireborn is her employer. not guilty. goes home, eats and polishes clairbornes plates. |
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| the man who was almost a man |
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| richard wright. harlem renaissance, black. dave wants to be treated as man, 17. buys a gun, shows coworkers and hawkens (employer) shots mule jenny. 50 dollars for the mule, 2 years to repay. father says he will beat him, he runs away with the gun and hops on a bus. joe, gun store. |
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| ralph ellison. wwii. harlem reniassance. cant find work. |
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| to make a myth, sign itself used as a signifier, new meaning added which is the signified. according to barthes, not random. modern myths created with reason contrary to popular belief. often untrue (wine) |
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