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| the religious movement in the 16th century that had for its object the reform of the Roman Catholic Church, and that led to the establishment of the Protestant churches. |
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| A cultural and intellectual movement of the Renaissance that emphasized secular concerns as a result of the rediscovery and study of the literature, art, and civilization of ancient Greece and Rome. |
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| literally means little song; a poem, properly expressive of a single, complete thought, idea, or sentiment, of 14 lines, usually in iambic pentameter, with rhymes arranged according to one of certain definite schemes, being in the strict or Italian form divided into a major group of 8 lines (the octave) followed by a minor group of 6 lines (the sestet), and in a common English form into 3 quatrains followed by a couplet. |
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| Italian/Petrarchan Sonnet |
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| a sonnet composed of an octave and sestet, rhyming abbaabba cdecde |
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| concocted by Wyatt and Surrey; composed of 3 quatrains and 1 couplet- usually the solution/resolution; the couplet rhymes, and the quatrains rhyme internally |
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| the first unit in an Italian sonnet: 8 lines of iambic pentameter, rhyming abbaabba; a stanza in 8 lines |
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| the last six lines of a sonnet in the Italian form, considered as a unit. |
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| present in the Petrarchan form; turn in the content of the poem between the octave and the sestet |
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| A small, often select group of male poets who associate with one another frequently and compete informally to see who is better. |
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| description of a woman's body in anatomizing detail |
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| bonds between men; competitive, sentimental |
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| a group of sonnets thematically unified to create a longer work |
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| term of distinction for a courtly English Poet; taken from the laurel wreath given to victors in ancient Greece; reference to Petrarch's lover Laura; also references allusive women |
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| 1st published Wyatt and Surrey in 1552; key text for popularizing sonnet and turned it into the sonnet mania |
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| Court of Henry VIII; poems typically about masculine court |
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| about nature and shepherds, but not in any realistic sense; more about the complex society the poet and readers inhabit |
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| used to indicate the period during which a person flourished, esp. when the exact birth and death dates are unknown |
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| an address to an absent or imaginary person, a thing, or a personified abstraction; prevalent in Whitney's "Manner of Her Will" |
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| of or pertaining to James I of England or to his period; a certain skepticism and even cynicism seeped into Elizabethan joy |
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| (1)a brief poetic and witty couching of a home truth;(2)carved on funerary urns; could technically be a poem about death-Ben Jonson, "On My First Son" |
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| written to a rich friend with a nice house; poem about praise to a patron; Ben Jonson credited with writing the first, though Amelia Lanyar wrote one before him |
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| poetry pertaining to luxurious idleness; feasting, drinking, and enjoying oneself; Ben Jonson's 'Penhurst' |
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| interpretive model that reads the New Testament as correcting the old testament |
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| A sonnet form composed of three quatrains and a couplet in iambic pentameter with the rhyme scheme abab bcbc cdcd ee. |
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| A line of English verse composed in iambic hexameter, usually with a caesura after the third foot;final line in the Spenserian Sonnet |
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| A book containing the Book of Psalms or a particular version of, musical setting for, or selection from it. |
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| description of a visual art object in words |
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1503-1542; Courtier Poet; one of the original authors of the English Sonnet; Had an affair with Anne Boleyn, which is present in a lot of his poems; wrote about the stress of courtly life under King Henry VIII
Wrote:
Whoso List to Hunt
Mine Own John Poynes |
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| Henry Howard Earl of Surrey |
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1517-1547; one of the original authors of the English Sonnet
Wrote:
So Cruel Prison |
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1552-1599; wrote for Queen Elizabeth I; kiss ass- tried to get in her good favor
wrote:
The Fairy Queen
Amoretti- sonnet sequence |
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1554-1586; Courtier Poet; Elizabethan Court; writes about a female ruler transforming Elizabeth into the woman of the Petrarchan sonnet; butted heads with Elizabeth
Wrote:
Astrophil & Stella |
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1564-1616; Commercial Sonneteer; popularizes the sonnet; celebrates the power of writing; advertises his own writing
Wrote:
154 Sonnets |
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1572-1631; wrote metaphysical poetry as well as religious poetry; wrote erotic poetry in which the women are attainable and a willing partner, seduced by language; talks of women as equals
wrote:
The Flea
Elegy 19: To His Mistress Going to Bed
Holy Sonnets |
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| 1586-1640;wrote the first petrarchan sonnet sequence for a female; sonnet poetry evacuated by men at this time, makes it acceptable for her to write sonnets wrote: Pamphilia to Amphilanthus |
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"From fairest creatures we desire increase"--> "To eat the world's due, by the grave and thee."
Stresses the importance of procreation; you are your own foe because you won't reproduce yourself |
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"When I consider everything that grows"--> "As he takes from you, I ingraft you new."
power of language to withstand mortality, importance of the writer |
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"Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?"--> "So long live this, and this gives life to thee."
eternalized through; power of language to withstand mortality |
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"A woman's face with Nature's own hand painted"--> "Mine be they love and they love's use their treasure."
the personification of the mistress as the man- implications of Shakespeare's homosexuality? double meanings |
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| "When, in disgrace with fortune and men's eyes,"--> "That then I scorn to change my state with kings." |
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"No more be grieved at that which thou hast done."-->"To that sweet thief which sourly robs from me."
;The poet clearly battles self-doubt and insecurity, and he shares the blame with his lover, who has betrayed him. |
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"Like as the waves make towards the pebbled shore"--> "Praising they worth despite his cruel hand."
;passing of time; captures beauty within the poem and time cannot not touch it |
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"That time of year though mayst in me behold."-->"To love that well which thou must leave ere long."
;the speaker invokes a series of metaphors to characterize the nature of what he perceives to be his old age. |
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"Farewell! Thou art too dear for my possessing"-->"In sleep a king, but waking no such matter."
;It begins a new sequence of sonnets dealing with the narrator's "breakup" with the fair lord. |
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"They that have pow'r to hurt, and will do none"--> "Lilies that fester smell far worse than weeds."
;it is behavior that determines the worth of a person or a thing |
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"Let me not to the marriage of true minds"--> "I never writ, not no man ever loved."
;attempts to define love, by telling both what it is and is not. |
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"The expense of spirit in a waste of shame"--> "To shun the heaven that leads men to this hell."
grapples with the idea of sexual desire as it exists in longing, fulfillment, and memory. |
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"My mistress' eyes are nothing like the sun"-->"As any she belied with false compare."
;compares the speaker’s lover to a number of other beauties—and never in the lover’s favor;anti-blazon |
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"When my love swears that she is made of truth"--> "And in our faults by lies we flattered be."
;poet candidly reveals both the nature of his relationship with the dark lady and the insecurities he has about growing older |
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"Two loves I have, of comfort and despair"--> Till my bad angel fire my good one out."
;the only sonnet that explicitly refers to both the Dark Lady and the young man |
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| little epic; Hero & Leander |
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| Elizabethan Erotic Narrative |
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| the closed and balanced iambic pentameter couplet typical of the heroic plays- Hero and Leander |
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