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Listening to Music - Craig Wright 6th Edition
Exam 1 Chapters 1-6
95
Music
Undergraduate 4
02/15/2012

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Term
Music
Definition
Rational organization of sounds and silences passing through time.
Term
Popular Music
Definition
The music of all the people.
Term
Classical Music
Definition
Music that has endured the test of time.
Term
Acousitc Instruments
Definition
Instruments whose sounds are not electronically altered.
Term
Encore
Definition
Playing the piece again.
Term
Symphony
Definition
genre, or type of music for orchestra, divided into several independent pieces called movements
Term
Movements
Definition
Independent piece in a symphony.
Term
Orchestra
Definition
A large ensemble of acoustic instruments such as violins, trumpets and flutes.
Term
Symphony orchestra
Definition
Orchestra is given this name because it has typically played more symphonies than anything else.
Term
motive
Definition
a short distinctive musical figure hat can stand by itself.
Term
tone poem (symphonic poem)
Definition
A one movement work for orchestra that tries to capture in the music the emotions and events associated with a story.
Term
Rhythm
Definition
Organization of time in music, it divides time into long and short spans.
Term
Beat
Definition
even pulse that divide the passing of time into equal units
Term
quarter note
Definition
basic duration in time
Term
Measure (bar)
Definition
group of beats
Term
meter
Definition
The gathering of beats into regular grouops.
Term
duple meter
Definition
two beats per measure. ONE two, ONE two,...
Term
Meter signature (time signature)
Definition
How meter in music is indicated. Two numbers one on top of the other.
Term
downbeat
Definition
first beat
Term
upbeat
Definition
comes right before the downbeat
Term
pickup
Definition
only a note or two that gives a little momentum into the first downbeat.
Term
accent
Definition
musical emphasis, that falls on the beat.
Term
Syncopation
Definition
places accent either on a weak beat or between the beats.
Term
Tempo
Definition
The speed at which the beats progress.
Term
ritard
Definition
a slowing down of the music
Term
Pitch
Definition
relative position, high or low of a musical sound.
Term
Melody
Definition
The tune of music
Term
Staff
Definition
gridwork of lines and spaces
Term
clef sign
Definition
indicates range of pitch
Term
treble clef
Definition
upper range
Term
bass clef
Definition
lower range
Term
Great(grand) clef
Definition
combination of both bass and treble clefs.
Term
Sharp
Definition
raises a half step or one key
Term
flat
Definition
lowers a half step or one key
Term
natural
Definition
cancels either sharp or flat
Term
scale
Definition
a fixed patter of tones within the octave that ascends and descends.
Term
interval
Definition
distance between two pitches in music
Term
major scale
Definition
follows a seven note pattern moving 1-1-1/2-1-1-1-1/2
Term
minor scale
Definition
seven note patter moving 1-1/2-1-1-1/2-1-1.
Term
Key signature
Definition
Sharps and flats placed immediately before each note of the scale.
Term
tonic
Definition
first of the 7 notes on a scale.
Term
tonality (key)
Definition
organization of music around a central pitch
Term
Modulation
Definition
change from one key to another. Called a change of mode.
Term
Chromatic scale
Definition
uses all 12 pitches, equally divided.
Term
phrase
Definition
important part of a larger whole. They open and close melodies.
Term
chord
Definition
group of 3 or more pitches that sound at the same time
Term
triad
Definition
3 pitches in a chord
Term
dominant triad
Definition
built on the fifth note of a scale
Term
subdominant triad
Definition
built on the fourth notse of the scale, pitch is just below the dominant.
Term
chord porgression
Definition
movement of chords in purposeful fashion.
Term
arpeggio
Definition
broken or staggered chord
Term
dissonance
Definition
pitches sounding momentarily disagreeable and unstable
Term
consonance
Definition
pitches sounding agreeable and stable.
Term
cadence
Definition
portion of a musical phrase that leads to its last chord
Term
ostinato
Definition
any element of music that continually repeats.
Term
blues
Definition
expressive soulful style of singing that unfolds above repreating chord changes.
Term
dynamics
Definition
various levels of volume, loud and soft.
Term
sforzando
Definition
a sudden loud attack on one note or chord.
Term
Crescendo
Definition
gradual increase in the intensity or sound.
Term
decrescendo
Definition
gradual decrease in the intensity or sound.
Term
color
Definition
tone quality of any sound produced by a voice or instrument
Term
Timbre
Definition
anotherterm for the tone quality of musical sound.
Term
Chorus
Definition
many voices together, soprano, alto, tenor, bass
Term
overtones
Definition
very faint sounds.
Term
violin
Definition
chief among string instruments. Also the smallest and shortest strings
Term
viola
Definition
Six inches longer thant the violin and produces a lower sound. Darker, richer and more somber tone.
Term
cello
Definition
pitch is below the viola and the player sits with it between his legs.
Term
Double Bass
Definition
Named because it doubled the notes of the cello an octave below. It is the lowest sounding of the string instruments.
Term
vibrato
Definition
wobble in the pitch
Term
pizzicato
Definition
plucking of the strings
Term
tremolo
Definition
musical tremor created by rapid repreating the same pitch with quick up and down strokes of the bow.
Term
trill
Definition
performer rapidly alternates between two distinctly separate but neighboring pitches.
Term
mute
Definition
a metal rubber clamp placed on teh strings on the instrument.
Term
glissando
Definition
rapid run up and down the strings.
Term
Flute piccolo clarinet oboe english horn, bassoon
Definition
woodwinds
Term
mouthpiece
Definition
what brass players blow through
Term
trumpet, trombone, French horn, tuba
Definition
Brass instruments
Term
Stops
Definition
organ knobs
Term
Orchestral score
Definition
composite notation of all the instrumental parts for a particular piece.
Term
texture
Definition
density and arrangement of artistic elements
Term
monophony
Definition
single line of music with no harmony.
Term
homophony
Definition
"same sounding" the voices or lines all move together to new pitches at roughly the same time.
Term
polyphony (Counterpoint)
Definition
"many sounding" two or more lines in the musical fabric. Each of the lines will be autonoumos and indepenent.
Term
Cannon
Definition
the followers copy exactly note for note what the leader plays.
Term
Form
Definition
arrangment of musical events.
Term
Statement
Definition
presentation of an important musical idea.
Term
Repetition
Definition
validates a statement by repeating it.
Term
Contrast
Definition
takes us away from the familiar and into the unknown.
Term
Variation
Definition
lies between repition and contrast. The original melody returns but is altered in some way.
Term
strophic form
Definition
composer set the words of the first poetic stanza and then uses the same entire melody for all subsequent stanzas.
Term
Chorus
Definition
textual refrain that repeats.
Term
Theme and variations
Definition
the music of the first strophe or stanza is alter in some way each time it returns.
Term
Binary form
Definition
two contrasting units, that balance and complement each other
Term
ternary form
Definition
three sectsions ABA it is rounded and complete.
Term
Rondo form
Definition
a refrain alternates with contrasting music. There are usually two contrasting sections.
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