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Lipoproteins II
Medical School Biochemistry
25
Biochemistry
Graduate
10/25/2011

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Cards

Term
Triglycerides synthethized and excreted by the liver travel on which lipoprotein?
Definition
VLDL
Term
What B protein is associated with liver lipoproteins?
Definition
B100
Term
What fat soluble compound is typically found in VLDL's?
Definition
Cholesterol (as Cholesterol Esters)
Term
What is the key difference between B48 and B100?
Definition
B100 has low affinity binding for LDL receptor
Term
What receptor recruits lipoprotein lipase?
Definition
Heparin Sulfate
Term
What is the function of Apoprotein A2?
Definition
Activated Hepatic lipase
Term
Where does the glycerol come from for adipocyte triglyceride synthesis?
Definition
Dietary carbohydrates
Term
What receptor does the liver use for metabolizing VLDL's?
Definition
LDL/Apo E receptor and Hepatic Lipase
Term
How do LDL's form?
Definition
As the triglyceride level lowers on a VLDL it begins to kick off Apo-proteins (except B100). Result in a cholesterol rich lipoprotein
Term
What is the half life of LDL?
Definition
3-7 Days
Term
What is the half life of VLDL?
Definition
30 minutes
Term
What is IDL?
Definition
Intermediate density lipoprotein. Remember that the conversion from VLDL to LDL is a dynamic process
Term
What is significant about Lp(a)?
Definition
Associated with higher mortality from coronary heart disease
Term
ACAT is activated by what?
Definition
High levels of Cholesterol
Term
What does ACAT do?
Definition
Adds a fatty acid (activated) to a cholesterol making a cholesterol ester for storage
Term
What supresses LDL receptor synthesis?
Definition
Persistently high levels of cholesterol, further high levels will initiate LDL degradation
Term
What is the Intima layer of blood vessels?
Definition
layer closest to the endothelium, place where cholesterol collects
Term
How does Atherosclerosis form?
Definition
As cholesterol collects in the intima monocytes will differentiate into macrophages and attempt to break the cholesterol down. Since cholesterol cannot be broken down the macrophages will pour out growth factors and eventually "wall" the cholesterol off with smooth muscle, forming a plaque.
Term
What is the first recognizable manifestation of atherosclerosis?
Definition
Fatty streak
Term
Why do macrophages fill up with cholesterol and not lose it, resulting in atherosclerosis?
Definition
Macrophages have an extra scavenger mechanism of cholesterol that tips the scales towards retention
Term
Can atherosclerotic plaques reverse?
Definition
Yes
Term
Do all plaques grow into the lumen of a blood vessel?
Definition
No, plaque can grow downwards as well
Term
Do all plaques grow into the lumen of a blood vessel?
Definition
No, plaque can grow downwards as well
Term
What is the difference between stable and unstable plaque?
Definition
Stable plaque has a larger layer of smooth muscle, protecting the patient from a rupture
Term
Why is astherosclerotic plaque named the silent killer?
Definition
Because typically the level of occlusion necessary to present with clinical symptoms (~75%) is much higher then the range at which a plaque occlusion is at high risk for rupture (~45%)
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