Term
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Definition
| A large and varied group of biological molecules that are generally not soluble in water |
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Term
| What are the 4 most common categories of lipids? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are lipids used for? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do steroids serve as? |
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Definition
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Term
| How are most lipids formed? |
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Definition
| When a glycerol molecule combines with compounds called fatty acids |
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Term
| When is a lipid called "saturated?" |
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Definition
| when each carbon atom in a lipid's fatty acid chains is joined to another carbon by a single bond |
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Term
| Why is the term "saturated" used? |
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Definition
| because the fatty acids contain the maximum number of hydrogen atoms |
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Term
| When is a fatty acid called "unsaturated?" |
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Definition
| if there is at least one carbon-carbon double bond |
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Term
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Definition
| lipids whose fatty acids contain more than one double bond |
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Term
| What state of matter are lipids containing unsaturated fatty acids usually in at room temperature? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the hardening of arteries that results from fatty deposits |
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Term
| What are the steps of plaque buildup that lead to heart attacks? |
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Definition
(1) plaque builds up on the wall of a blood vessel
(2) cap ruptures
(3) blood clot forms and blocks the blood vessel or other smaller ones around it |
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Term
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Definition
| fatty deposits on walls of arteries |
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Term
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Definition
| A lipid that is part of animal cell membranes |
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Term
| What is cholesterol used in? |
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Definition
synthesis of hormones
bile
Vitamin D |
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Term
| What 2 types of lipoproteins transfer cholestrol in the blood? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why is LDL likely to cause trouble in the circulatory system? |
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Definition
| It becomes part of plaque |
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Term
| What does HDL do with extra cholesterol? |
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Definition
| It transports excess to the liver to be removed. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is the range of normal blood cholesterol levels? |
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Definition
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Term
| what should your LDL level be? |
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Definition
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Term
| what should a man's HDL level be? |
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Definition
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Term
| What should a woman's HDL level be? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are most cell membranes made up of? |
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Definition
| a double-layered sheet called a lipid bilayer |
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Term
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Definition
| a flexible double-layered sheet that makes up the cell membrane and forms a barrier between the cell and its surroundings. |
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Term
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Definition
| the fatty acid portions of lipids that are water-hating |
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Term
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Definition
| the end of the lipid molecule that is water-loving |
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Term
| What happens to the hydrophobic "tails" when the phospholipids are mixed in water? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens to the hydrophilic "heads" when phospholipids are mixed in water? |
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Definition
| They are attracted to the water |
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Term
| What is a lipid bilayer the result of? |
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Definition
| when phospholipids and lipids with oily fatty acid portions are mixed together in water |
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Term
| Where are the heads of the lipids in cell membrane? |
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Definition
| exposed to the outside of the cell |
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Term
| Where are the tails of lipids in cell membrane? |
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Definition
| facing the inside, forming the oily, waterproof layer in the membrane |
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Term
| What are the 2 sex hormones? |
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Definition
| estrogen and testosterone |
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Term
| What is lipoprotein known as? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| How many calories per gram do lipids contain? |
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Definition
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Term
| What compound composes most of the cell membrane? |
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Definition
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Term
| What molecules to fats consist of? |
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Definition
| 1 glycerol, 3 fatty acids |
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Term
| What is an Omega 3 essential fatty acid? |
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Definition
| A fatty acid that has a double bond between the 3rd carbon and the 4th carbon |
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Term
| What molecule and what compounds combine to form lipids? |
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Definition
| Glycerol and fatty acid(s) |
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Term
| What enzyme breaks down lipids? |
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Definition
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Term
| What lipids make up cell membranes? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the molecular formula of alcohol? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Estrogen, Testosterone, cholesterol |
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Term
| What happens to the double bond in an unsaturated fat during hydrogenation? |
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Definition
| They are broken and hydrogens are added |
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Term
| What is the difference between a trans and cis bond? |
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Definition
In a cis bond the hydrogens are on the same side
In a trans bond the hyrdogens are on opposite sides. |
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Term
| Where is cholesterol produced? |
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Definition
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