Term
parent hydrocarbon
naming suffix |
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Definition
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Term
| saturated fatty acid naming suffix |
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Definition
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Term
saturated fatty acid with ONE double bond
naming suffix |
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Definition
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Term
| saturated fatty acid with 2 double bonds - naming ending |
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Definition
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Term
| saturated fatty acid with 3 double bonds - naming suffix |
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Definition
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Term
| carbon atoms 2 and 3 in a fatty acid are also known as |
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Definition
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Term
| methyl carbon at distal end (away from carboxyl terminus) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| fatty acids with double bonds 3 to 6 carbons from the last carbon on the fatty acid tail |
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Term
| a benefit of omega 3 fatty acid consumption |
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Definition
| effective therapy for reducing serum triglycerides and VLDL |
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Term
| to make a fatty acid "trans" need to add ____ to unsaturated fats; then they behave more like ______ |
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Definition
| hydrogen - these unsaturated fats behave more like saturated |
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Term
| What drives lipids to aggregate in water? |
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Definition
| the hydrophobic effect --> entropy |
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Term
| explain the hydrophobic effect's role in lipid aggregation in water |
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Definition
| water molecules forced out of hydration shells around individual lipids |
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Term
| determines the nature of lipid association |
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Definition
| number of fatty acid tails |
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Term
| in single tailed lipids (plain old fatty acids) |
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Definition
diameter of head exceeds volume of tail
micelles form |
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Term
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Definition
structure in which hydrophobic tails are sequestered from water
ordered shell of H2O molecules is minimized and entropy is increased |
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Term
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Definition
head and tails have similar diameters
bilayers are favored |
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Term
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Definition
ex: triacylglycerols/triglycerides
cannot form bilayers because polar heads have small diameter compared with large space occupied by tails
fuel moecules (fat) - stored as "droplets" |
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Term
| 3 types of membrane lipid |
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Definition
phospholipid
glycolipid
cholesterol |
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Term
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Definition
phosphate head is hydrophilic
the hydrophobic region consists of 2 fatty acids joined to glycerol
- phosphodiester linkage connects head and tail |
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Term
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Definition
| sugar containing lipid component of membranes |
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Term
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Definition
sterol lipid that modulates membrane fluidity
compound characterized by rigid system of 4 fused rings of hydrocarbons |
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Term
| The 4 components of typical phospholipids |
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Definition
1 or more fatty acids
platform to which fatty acids attach (usually glycerol)
a phosphate
an alcohol, which attaches to the phosphate |
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Term
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Definition
ex: sphingomyelin with sphingosine backbone
sphingosine is an amine |
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Term
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Definition
sugar containing lipids derived from glycerol or sphingosine
one or more sugar molecules linked to primary hydroxyl of the sphingosine backbone
one or more sugar molecules linked to C3 of diacylglycerol, sometimes sulfonate |
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Term
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Definition
sphingosine with oligosaccharide head group
function in cell recognition |
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Term
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Definition
most abundant steroid lipid in body
important for membrane fluidity
eukaryotes have cholesterol, prokaryotes do not |
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Term
| where does cholesterol bind to phospholipids |
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Definition
| at the head group - makes them stiffer |
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Term
| how does cholesterol make the inner portion of membranes more fluid |
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Definition
| disrupts the packing of phospholipid tails |
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Term
| what are the 3 driving forces of bilayer formation |
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Definition
hydrophobic interactions
van der waals interactions
electrostatic interactions (H Bonds between head groups and water) |
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Term
| 3 characteristics of bilayers |
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Definition
extensive
close on themselves to form vesicles
self sealing |
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Term
| membranes exhibit what 2 kinds of asymmetry |
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Definition
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Term
| structural asymmetry of membranes |
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Definition
| phospholipids (type and amounts) are unevenly distributed (outside vs inside) |
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Term
| functional asymmetry of membranes |
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Definition
lateral movement is rapid
transverse movement is slow
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Term
| flipping a phospholipid from the outside to the inside requires |
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Definition
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Term
| inside to outside shifting of phospholipids requires |
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Definition
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Term
| bidirectional phospholipid movement requires |
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Definition
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Term
| 5 non membrane functions of lipids |
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Definition
cofactors
signal molecules
hormones
electron carriers
vitamins |
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Term
| lipids involved in signal transduction are often derivatives of |
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Definition
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Term
| hormones derived from arachidonic acid - collective term |
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Definition
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Term
| 3 examples of eicosanoid hormones |
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Definition
prostaglandins
thromboxanes
leukotrienes |
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Term
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Definition
cortisol
estradiol
testosterone |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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