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Lipid Synthesis
Medical School Biochemistry
19
Biochemistry
Graduate
10/20/2011

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Cards

Term
Where does all the carbon of fatty acid synthesis come from?
Definition
Acetyl CoA
Term
Where does Fatty Acid synthesis occur?
Definition
in the cytosol
Term
Where does the Acetyl CoA of fatty acid synthesis come from?
Definition
Citrate created in the mitochondrial matrix
Term
Why does Acetyl CoA for fatty acid synthesis come in the form of citrate?
Definition
Acetyl CoA is not membrane permeable, Citrate has a transporter on the membrane
Term
What is the rate-limiting step in fatty acid synthesis?
Definition
Acetyl CoA-> Malonyl-CoA

Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase (ACC)
Term
How does ACC work?
Definition
Term
What is the effect of starvation on the action of ACC?
Definition
down regulates ACC
Term
What is the effect of a High Fat/Low Carb diet on ACC?
Definition
Downregulates ACC
Term
What is the effect of a Low Fat/High Carb diet on the action of ACC?
Definition
Upregulates ACC
Term
What are the allosteric regulators of ACC?
Definition
Citrate is a positive allosteric regulator

Palmitoyl-CoA is a negative regulator (this molecule is a product of fatty acid synthesis)
Term
What are the allosteric regulators of ACC?
Definition
Citrate is a positive allosteric regulator

Palmitoyl-CoA is a negative regulator (this molecule is a product of fatty acid synthesis)
Term
What is the effect of Glucagon/Epinephrine on ACC?
Definition
down regulates ACC
Term
What is the effect of Insulin on ACC?
Definition
Upregulates ACC
Term
How do hormones regulate ACC?
Definition
Via a phosphorylation event
Term
What is the general action of Fatty Acid Synthase?
Definition
adds 2 carbons at a time until Palmitate (16 carbons) is made
Term
How is the fact that PDH and Pyruvate Carboxylase both have to act to make Citrate reconciled?
Definition
High ATP shuts off Isocitrate Dehydrogenase causing a bottleneck and a buildup of citrate.

Makes sense since fat storage should only be initiated once the cell's energy concerns have been met
Term
Fat synthesis can occur in what tissue?
Definition
Adipocytes and Hepatocytes
Term
Where do adipocytes get the glycerol that it needs to synthesize triglycerides?
Definition
From dietary carbohydrates
Term
What extra synthetic step has to be taken for fatty acid membrane synthesis?
Definition
A mixed-function oxidase

uses oxygen to create a double bond

occurs on the ER
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