Term
| Where does all the carbon of fatty acid synthesis come from? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does Fatty Acid synthesis occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does the Acetyl CoA of fatty acid synthesis come from? |
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Definition
| Citrate created in the mitochondrial matrix |
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Term
| Why does Acetyl CoA for fatty acid synthesis come in the form of citrate? |
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Definition
| Acetyl CoA is not membrane permeable, Citrate has a transporter on the membrane |
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Term
| What is the rate-limiting step in fatty acid synthesis? |
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Definition
Acetyl CoA-> Malonyl-CoA
Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase (ACC) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is the effect of starvation on the action of ACC? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the effect of a High Fat/Low Carb diet on ACC? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the effect of a Low Fat/High Carb diet on the action of ACC? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the allosteric regulators of ACC? |
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Definition
Citrate is a positive allosteric regulator
Palmitoyl-CoA is a negative regulator (this molecule is a product of fatty acid synthesis) |
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Term
| What are the allosteric regulators of ACC? |
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Definition
Citrate is a positive allosteric regulator
Palmitoyl-CoA is a negative regulator (this molecule is a product of fatty acid synthesis) |
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Term
| What is the effect of Glucagon/Epinephrine on ACC? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the effect of Insulin on ACC? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do hormones regulate ACC? |
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Definition
| Via a phosphorylation event |
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Term
| What is the general action of Fatty Acid Synthase? |
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Definition
| adds 2 carbons at a time until Palmitate (16 carbons) is made |
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Term
| How is the fact that PDH and Pyruvate Carboxylase both have to act to make Citrate reconciled? |
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Definition
High ATP shuts off Isocitrate Dehydrogenase causing a bottleneck and a buildup of citrate.
Makes sense since fat storage should only be initiated once the cell's energy concerns have been met |
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Term
| Fat synthesis can occur in what tissue? |
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Definition
| Adipocytes and Hepatocytes |
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Term
| Where do adipocytes get the glycerol that it needs to synthesize triglycerides? |
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Definition
| From dietary carbohydrates |
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Term
| What extra synthetic step has to be taken for fatty acid membrane synthesis? |
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Definition
A mixed-function oxidase
uses oxygen to create a double bond
occurs on the ER |
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