Term
| Do soft fats have more saturated or unsaturated FAs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Do hard fats have longer or shorter FA chains? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two saturated FAs discussed in class? How many C do they have? |
|
Definition
palmitic (C16)
stearic (18) |
|
|
Term
| What are the unsaturated FAs discussed in class? |
|
Definition
oleic (C18:1)
linoleic (C18:2)
linolenic (C18:3)
Arachidonic (C20:4) |
|
|
Term
| What reaction causes rancidity of fats? |
|
Definition
| chemical oxidation of the fatty acids |
|
|
Term
True or False
Metals can slow down the oxidation process of fats |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What vitamins are destroyed when fats go rancid? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What vitamin can slow down rancidity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why does grinding high oil grains increase their susceptibility to rancidity? |
|
Definition
| the plant cell structure is destroyed, making the lipids more accessible to lipoxygenase enzyme |
|
|
Term
| What could you do to prevent rancidity in full fat soybeans? Why does this work? |
|
Definition
| heating it (inactivates lipoxygenase) |
|
|
Term
| What are the essential FAs? |
|
Definition
linoleic
linolenic
arachidonic |
|
|
Term
| Which FA can be synthesized from linoleic acid? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What FA is a precursor for prostaglandins? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Skin lesions are a characteristic of a deficiency of what dietary component? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which has a higher linoleic acid content, whole soybean or soybean meal? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens to pellets if they contain more than 5% fat? |
|
Definition
| more likely to fall apart |
|
|
Term
| Which is more rapid in producing energy, fat or carbohydrate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which is more efficient in producing energy, fat or carbohydrate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is fat typically stored? |
|
Definition
| slow Type I & fast Type IIA fibers |
|
|
Term
| What effect does a high-fat diet have on the means by which the body will supply energy to muscles? |
|
Definition
| will increase the use of lipids to meet energy demands during long-term exercise |
|
|
Term
| What is hyperlipidemia and which horses are prone to it? |
|
Definition
excess TG levels in the blood
-small pony breeds
-older horses
-mares |
|
|
Term
| What causes hyperlipidemia? |
|
Definition
insulin resistance & negative nitrogen balance
-lipolysis occurs but insulin has no effect on inhibiting the release of FAs
-liver cannot oxidize all the FFAs it needs to
-leads to fatty liver, liver dysfunction etc |
|
|
Term
| Why is hyperlipidemia most common in late gestation & lactation? |
|
Definition
| loss of appetite & increased energy demands |
|
|
Term
| What is the primary course of action in treating hyperlipidemia? |
|
Definition
| restore the energy balance, encourage intake of fluids & food |
|
|
Term
| What nutrients can be destroyed by rancid fats? |
|
Definition
Vit A
Vit E
carotene
others containing double bonds |
|
|
Term
| When would arachidonic acid be essential? |
|
Definition
| if linoleic acid were deficient |
|
|
Term
| What does lipoic acid do? |
|
Definition
acts as an antioxidant
increases glucose uptake by muscle cells |
|
|
Term
| What is the best source of linoleic acid? |
|
Definition
|
|
