Term
| What commands can be used to bring down and bring up a network interface? |
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Definition
| You can use the 'ifdown' command to bring down an interface. You can then bring it back up with the 'ifup' command |
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Term
| When using PPP, what are the 2 files that are used for storing the passwords? |
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Definition
| /etc/ppp/pap-secrets and /etc/ppp/chap-secrets |
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Term
When using the 'ifconfig' command, what names are shown to reflect:
1. A modem or xDSL device?
2. An ISDN device |
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Definition
1. ppp0 (for the 1st device)
2. ippp0 (for the 1st device) |
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Term
1. Which file on a Linux server defines the order in switch that server with search for a specified host name?
2. What files was used by older Linux systems and should still be updated today? |
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Definition
1. /etc/nsswitch.conf
2. /etc/host.conf |
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Term
What doe the following FTP commands do?
1. Is
2. lcd
3. ascii
4. binary
5. !
6. close
7. bye, quit |
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Definition
1. Displays a directory listing of the current remote computer
2. Displays a directory listing on the local computer
3. Specifies text file downloads (default)
4. Specifies binary file downloads.
5. Runs a shell on the local computer.
6. Closed the FTP connection to the remote computer.
7. Quits the FTP utility |
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Term
| What command can be used to mount shares from Windows computers? |
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Definition
'smbmount'
ex: 'smbmount //windowsxp/accounting /mnt' |
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Term
1. What file on a Linux system must contain the computer names of servers that you wish to have trusted access?
2. What file in a user's home directory can be used to set up trusted access to the local server? |
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Definition
1. /etc/hosts.equiv
2. ~/.rhosts |
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Term
What command provides the monitoring capabilities of both mpstat and iostat in one?
-A
-f
-o |
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Definition
'sar'
-A - A bunch of different information
-f - extract records from "filename"
-o - Save the reading in the file in binary form |
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Term
| What command can be used to monitor disk performance? |
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Definition
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Term
What command can be used to monitor cpu performance?
-P |
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Definition
'mpstat'
-P - Specifies a single processor |
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Term
| What command is used to initiate a kickstart installation on a new Linux server? |
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Definition
| On the initial welcome screen, instead of pressing enter, insert the floppy with the kickstart file and type "linux ks=floppy:/ks.cfg". |
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Term
| When enabling quotas, what changes must be made to the fstab file? |
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Definition
In the options column (5), add "usrquota" and "grpquota"
ex: defaults,usrquota,grpquota |
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Term
| What 2 files must exist in the root filesystem when enabling quotas? |
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Definition
| You must create an "/aquota.user" and an "/aquota.group" file on the root of the filesystem getting the new quotas. If the files are not present, then the 'quotacheck' command will create them. |
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Term
What command is used to scan a filesystem for disk usage, create, check, and repair quota files?
-b
-u
-g |
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Definition
'quotacheck'
-b - Forces command to make backups of the quota files before editing them
-u - only user quotas
-g - only group quotas |
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Term
| What commands turn quotas on a filesystem on and off? |
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Definition
| 'quotaon "filesystem"' and 'quotaoff "filesystem"' |
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Term
What command is used to edit quotas?
-u
-g |
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Definition
'edquota'
-u - Edit the user quota
-g - edit the group quota |
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Term
| What command can be used to view a user's quota? |
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Definition
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Term
1. Where is the typical location for the print queue?
2. How is the print queue split if more than 1 printer is being used? |
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Definition
1. /var/spool/cups
2. All print jobs are sent to the same directory regardless of how many printers you have on a linux system. |
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Term
| What commands can be used to manipulate the status of a printer? |
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Definition
- 'accept'
- 'reject'
- 'enable'
-E - Forces encryption when connecting to printer
-'disable'
-c - Cancel all jobs on named destination
-r - sets message associated with stopped state |
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Term
What command is used to send a print job to a printer?
-d
-n
-i
-m
-q |
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Definition
'lp'
-d - specifies the destination printer
-n - number of copies of each named file
-i - specifies a certain print job id to modify
-m - mails you confirmation of print job completion
-q - specifies a print job priority between 1 and 100. Default is 50, 1=lowest, 100=highest |
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Term
What command is used to display status information about current classes, jobs, and printers?
-t
-s
-a
-d
-p
-r |
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Definition
'lpstat'
-no argument - displays all jobs in the print queue that you have printed
-t - shows all status information
-s - shows a status summary
-a - displays a list of printers currently accepting print jobs
-d - displays the default destination printer
-p - displays a list or printers that are enabled
-r - shows whether the cups daemon is running |
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Term
What command is used to remove jobs form the print queue?
-u
-a |
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Definition
'cancel'
-u - the name if the user which all print jobs are to be canceled.
-a - removes all print jobs from the queue |
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Term
| What are the old commands used by the Line Printer Daemon (LPD) to print documents, view the status or printers, view print jobs in the queue, and remove print jobs? |
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Definition
-lpr - used to print documents
-lpc - view the status of printers
-lpq - view print jobs in the queue
-lprm - remove print jobs |
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Term
| What are the configuration files used by the cups daemon? |
|
Definition
/etc/cups/cupsd,.conf - setting
/etc/cups/printers.conf - contains the configuration info for each printer installed |
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Term
| If you initially installed your linux system with no shadow passwords, what command can be used to enable them? Disable them? |
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Definition
'pwconv' - to store encrypted passwords
'pwunconv' - revert back to only /etc/passwd |
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Term
| What 2 files contain default values that are used when a new user is created? |
|
Definition
| /etc/login.defs and /etc/default/useradd |
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Term
| What directory contains files that are copied to a user's home directory upon creation? |
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Definition
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Term
How would you change the password expiration setting for a specific user?
-m
-M
-W |
|
Definition
'chage'
-m - minimum time to wait before changing again
-M - Max time to wait before changing again
-W - warning days |
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Term
| What commands can be used to lock and unlock a user account? |
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Definition
To lock:
usermod -L "username"
passwd -l "username"
To unlock:
usermod -U "username"
passwd -u "username" |
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Term
1. What is one of the oldest commands to compress and uncompress files?
2. What commands can be used to view the contents of compressed files? |
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Definition
1. 'compress' and 'uncompress'
2. 'zcat', zless' and 'zmore' |
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Term
| What commands can be used to view the content of a compressed bzip2 file? |
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Definition
| 'bzcat", 'bzless', 'bzmore' |
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Term
1. What command will show you the current and previous run levels?
2. What command(s) can be used to change the boot run level? |
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Definition
1. 'runlevel'
2. 'init #' or 'telinit #' |
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Term
What are some ways that 'cpio' differs from 'tar'?
-i
-I
-O |
|
Definition
- includes support for long file names
- ability to backup device files
- uses absolute pathnames by default
- takes files from standard input and sends files "out" to an archive. Also "reads" in files when extracting
-i - reads files from an archive
-I - represents the input archive (archive used to view or extract files from)
-O - represents the output file (target archive) |
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Term
What do the following options do with the 'dump' and 'restore' commands?
-#
-f
-u
-n
-r
-x
-t |
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Definition
-# - Specifies the type of backup. "0"=full, "1-9"=incremental
-f - specifies the pathname to the archive
-u - updates the /etc/dumpdates file after a successful backup
-n - notifies of errors once the backup is complete.
-r - extracts an entire archive when used with the 'restore' command
-x - extracts on the file specified
-t - lists the filename contents (table of content)
Note: 'dump' and 'restore' only work with ext2 and ext3 |
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Term
| What command is used to display the shared libraries for a program? |
|
Definition
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Term
| What command is used to update the list of shared library directories and the list of shared libraries? |
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Definition
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Term
What command is used to get and set limitations on a system resource available to the current shell?
-n
-u |
|
Definition
'ulimit'
-n - specifies the max number of file handles
-u - specifies the max number of user processes |
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Term
| What command is used to create a boot disk? |
|
Definition
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Term
| What file on a Linux system defines the ports and their associated protocols? |
|
Definition
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Term
| What is the configuration for the Internet super daemon? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| What directory contains the files associated with the services managed by the Internet super daemon? |
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Definition
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Term
| What file must be edited on a Linux system to enable IP forwarding? |
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Definition
| You must place a number 1 in /pro/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward |
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Term
| How would you ensure that IP routing is enabled at every boot? |
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Definition
| Be sure that the line "net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1" in the /etc/sysctl.conf file |
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Term
Describe the following options used with iptables:
-s
-d
-p
-j
-L
-A
-P
-D
-R
-F |
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Definition
-s - specifies the source address of packets for a rule
-d - specifies the destination address of packets for a rule
- p - specifies the protocol type for the rule
-j - specifies the action that is taken for the rule
-L - lists rules for a certain chain. If no chain is given, all chains are listed
-A - Adds a rule to a chain.
-P - specifies the default policy for a certain chain type
-D - deletes a rule for a chain specified by additional auguments. Rules start at number 1
-R - replaces a rule for a chain specified by additional arguments. Rules start at number 1
-F - remove all rules for a certain chain. If no chain is specified, it removes all rules for all chains. |
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Term
| What command would you use to create an encrypted password for use in /boot/grub/grub.conf? |
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Definition
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Term
| What command can be used to ensure that your background processes are not ended when you exit your shell? |
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Definition
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