Term
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Definition
| program that takes keyboard commands and passes to OS to carry out |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
used to interact with shell in graphical environment
KDE - konsole
GNOME - gnome-terminal |
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Definition
| displays current time and date |
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Definition
| displays calendar of current month |
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Definition
| free space on disk drives |
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Term
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Definition
| terminal sessions running behind graphical desktop, access by pressing CTRL-ALT-F1 through F6 |
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Term
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Definition
| print name of current working directory |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| pathname that begins with root directory and follows filesystem tree to desired directory/file |
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Term
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Definition
| pathname that begins in working directory and uses . (working dir) and .. (working dir's parent directory) to specify location of destination |
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Definition
| shows statistics on system memory |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| list all files including hidden (beginning with period) |
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Term
| "ls -A" or "ls --almost-all" |
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Definition
| list all files except .. (parent dir) and . (working dir) |
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Term
| "ls -d" or "ls --directory" |
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Definition
| list directories\show directory details with -l |
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Term
| "ls -F" or "ls --classify" |
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Definition
| appends indicator characters |
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Term
| "ls -h" or "ls --human-readable" |
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Definition
| file size in human readable format |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| "ls -r" or "ls --reverse" |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| results sorted by modification time |
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Term
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Definition
| (less) scroll back one page |
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Term
| page down or space (less) |
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Definition
| (less) scroll forward one page |
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Term
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Definition
| (less) scroll up one line |
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Term
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Definition
| (less) scroll down one line |
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Term
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Definition
| (less) Move to the end of the text file |
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Term
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Definition
| (less) move to the beginning of the text file |
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Term
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Definition
| (less) Search forward to next occurence of |
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Term
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Definition
| (less) Next occurence of previous search |
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Term
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Definition
| (less) display help screen |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| contains binaries that are needed for system to boot/run |
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Definition
| contains kernel, RAM disk image, and boot loader |
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Definition
| device nodes; list of all devices kernel understands on system |
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Definition
| system wide config files and shell scripts which start system services at boot |
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Definition
| contains user directories; only place regular users can write files |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| used in case of partial recovery from file system corruption |
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Definition
| mount points for removable media |
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Term
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Definition
| mount points for removable devices mounted manually |
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Definition
| optional software/commercial software installed here |
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Term
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Definition
| contains files with information on system hardware/how kernel views system |
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Definition
| home dir for root account |
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
| temporary files created by programs; some configs empty after reboot |
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Term
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Definition
| programs/support files used by regular users |
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Term
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Definition
| executable programs installed by linux distro (Ch. 3) |
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Term
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Definition
| shared libraries for progs in /usr/bin (Ch. 3) |
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Term
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Definition
| programs not included with distro but intended for systemwide use (Ch. 3) |
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Term
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Definition
| more system administration progs (Ch. 3) |
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Term
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Definition
| shared data used by programs in /usr/bin (Ch. 3) |
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Term
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Definition
| documentation for packages (Ch. 3) |
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Term
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Definition
| databases, spool files, mail, logs; any files that change regularly (Ch. 3) |
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Term
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Definition
| log files (i.e. messages) (Ch. 3) |
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Term
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Definition
| copy files/directories (Ch. 4) |
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Term
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Definition
| move/rename files/directories (Ch. 4) |
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Term
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Definition
| create directories (Ch. 4) |
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Term
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Definition
| remove files/directories (Ch. 4) |
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Term
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Definition
| create hard/symbolic links (Ch. 4) |
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Term
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Definition
| wildcard; matches any characters (Ch. 4) |
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Term
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Definition
| wildcard; matches single character (Ch. 4) |
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Term
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Definition
| matches any character that is member of set "characters" (Ch. 4) |
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Term
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Definition
| matches any character not member of set "characters" (Ch. 4) |
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Term
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Definition
| matches any alphanumeric character (Ch. 4) |
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Term
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Definition
| matches any alphabetic character (Ch. 4) |
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Term
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Definition
| matches any numeral (Ch. 4) |
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Term
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Definition
| matches any lowercase letter (Ch. 4) |
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Term
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Definition
| matches any uppercase letter (Ch. 4) |
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Term
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Definition
| (cp) copies files/directories and all attributes including ownership/permissions (Ch. 4) |
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Term
| -i, --interactive (cp, mv, rm) |
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Definition
| (cp, mv, rm) before overwriting or deleting existing file will prompt for confirmation (Ch. 4) |
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Term
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Definition
| (cp, rm) recursively copy/delete directories and contents; when copying/deleting directory it (or -a for cp) is required (Ch. 4) |
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Term
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Definition
| (cp, mv) only copy/move files that don't exist or are newer than destination (Ch. 4) |
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Term
| -v, --verbose (cp, mv, rm) |
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Definition
| (cp, mv, rm) display informative messages while processing (Ch. 4) |
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Term
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Definition
| (rm) ignore nonexistent files and do not prompt when deleting; overrides -i (Ch. 4) |
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Term
| symbolic link (ln -s link_file target_file) |
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Definition
| file that points to target file or directory; can point to files on different filesystems or to directories (Ch. 4) |
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Term
| hard link (ln link_file target_file) |
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Definition
| old link method. additional directory entry that references an original file (same exact blocks of data); cannot reference anything outside its file system or reference a directory (Ch. 4) |
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Term
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Definition
| number referencing chain of disk blocks that is associated with hard links, invoked with ls -i (Ch. 4) |
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Term
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Definition
| indicate how a command name is interpreted (Ch. 5) |
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Term
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Definition
| display whyich executable program will be executed (Ch. 5) |
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Term
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Definition
| get help for shell builtins (Ch. 5) |
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Term
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Definition
| display a command's manual page (Ch. 5) |
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Term
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Definition
| display a list of approrpiate commands (Ch. 5) |
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Term
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Definition
| display a command's info entry (Ch. 5) |
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Term
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Definition
| display very brief description of a command (Ch. 5) |
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Term
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Definition
| create an alias for a command (Ch. 5) |
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Term
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Definition
| like files in /usr/bin. within this categorty programs can b ecompiled binaries, or programs written in scripting languages. (Ch. 5) |
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Term
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Definition
| bash supports a number of commands internally called shell builtins; i.e. cd command. (Ch. 5) |
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Term
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Definition
| miniature shell scripts incorporated into environment. (Ch. 5) |
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Term
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Definition
commands we can define, built from other commands.
syntax: alias name='string' (Ch. 5) |
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Term
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Definition
| (info) Display command help (Ch. 5) |
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Term
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Definition
| (info) display previous page (Ch. 5) |
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Term
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Definition
| (info) Display next page (Ch. 5) |
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Term
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Definition
| (info) Next- display the next node (Ch. 5) |
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Term
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Definition
| (info) Previous - display the previous node (Ch. 5) |
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Term
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Definition
| (info) up- display the parent node of the currently display ed node, usually a menu (Ch. 5) |
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Term
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Definition
| (info) Follow the hyperlink at the cursor location (Ch. 5) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| concatenate files (Ch. 6) |
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Term
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Definition
| sort lines of text (Ch. 6) |
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Term
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Definition
report or omit repeated lines
uniq -d (shows duplicates)(Ch. 6) |
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Term
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Definition
| print lines matching pattern (Ch. 6) |
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Term
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Definition
print newline, word, and byte counts for each file.
wc -l (# of lines)(Ch. 6) |
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Term
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Definition
outpot the first part of a file
head -n N (output N lines)(Ch. 6) |
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Term
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Definition
output the last part of a file
tail -n N (output N lines)
tail -f (show last lines as updated)(Ch. 6) |
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Term
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Definition
| read from standard input and write to standard output and files
| tee | grep (Ch. 6) |
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Term
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Definition
| redirect standard output (overwrites) (Ch. 6) |
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Term
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Definition
| redirect standard output (append) (Ch. 6) |
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Term
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Definition
| redirect standard error (Ch. 6) |
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Term
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Definition
| redirect standard output and standard error to one file (order is important!) (Ch. 6) |
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Term
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Definition
| redirect standard output and standard error to one file streamlined (overwrite) (Ch. 6) |
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Term
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Definition
| redirect standard output and error to one file (append) (Ch. 6) |
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Term
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Definition
| dispose of unwanted output (change redirect as needed) (Ch. 6) |
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Term
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Definition
| pipeline operator; standard output of one command goes into standard input of another. command1 | command2 (Ch. 6) |
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Term
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Definition
| display a line of text (Ch. 7) |
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Term
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Definition
| expands * into list of files/directories in current working dir (Ch. 7) |
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Term
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Definition
| expands into home directory of current or specified user (Ch. 7) |
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Term
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Definition
| performs arithmetic expression and gives output (Ch. 7) |
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Term
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Definition
| (arithmetic) addition (Ch. 7) |
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Term
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Definition
| (arithmetic) subtraction (Ch. 7) |
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Term
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Definition
| (arithmetic) multiplication (Ch. 7) |
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Term
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Definition
| (arithmetic) division (Ch. 7) |
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Term
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Definition
| (arithmetic) Modulo/"remainder" (Ch. 7) |
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Term
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Definition
| (arithmetic) exponentiation (Ch. 7) |
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Term
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Definition
echo {list of letters/integers}
echo {A,B,C}
echo {1..5}
echo {Z..A} (Ch. 7) |
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Term
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Definition
| echo $VARIABLE; expands variable (Ch. 7) |
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| list of available variables |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
$(); can use pipelines
i.e. echo $(ls)
file $(ls -d /usr/bin/* | grep zip)(Ch. 7) |
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Term
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Definition
| word-splitting, pathname expansion, tilde expansion, brace expansion suppressed within quotes except for "$", "\", "`" (Ch. 7) |
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Term
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Definition
| suppress all expansions (Ch. 7) |
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Term
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Definition
| causes computer to beep (Ch. 7) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| display contents of history list (Ch. 8) |
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Term
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Definition
| move cursor to beginning of line (Ch. 8) |
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Term
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Definition
| move cursor to end of line (Ch. 8) |
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Term
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Definition
| move cursor forward one character (Ch. 8) |
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Term
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Definition
| move cursor backward one character (Ch. 8) |
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Term
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Definition
| move cursxor forward one word (Ch. 8) |
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Term
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Definition
| move cursor backward one word (Ch. 8) |
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Term
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Definition
| clear screen and move cursor to top left corner (Ch. 8) |
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Term
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Definition
| delete character at cursor location (Ch. 8) |
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Term
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Definition
| transpse character at cursor location with one preceding it (Ch. 8) |
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Term
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Definition
| transpose word at cursor location with one preceding it (Ch. 8) |
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Term
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Definition
| convert characters from cursor location to end of word to lowercase (Ch. 8) |
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Term
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Definition
| convert characters from cursor location to end of word to uppercase (Ch. 8) |
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Term
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Definition
| kill text from cursor to end of line (Ch. 8) |
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Term
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Definition
| kill text from cursor to beginning of line (Ch. 8) |
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Term
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Definition
| kill text from cursor to end of current word (Ch. 8) |
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Term
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Definition
| kill text from cursor to beginning of current word. If cursor is at beginning of word, kill previous word. (Ch. 8) |
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Term
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Definition
| yank text from kill-ring and inset at cursor location (Ch. 8) |
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Term
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Definition
| press tab when typing a command (Ch. 8) |
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Term
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Definition
| display list of possible completions (or press tab 2nd time) (Ch. 8) |
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Term
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Definition
| insert all possible completions (Ch. 8) |
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Term
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Definition
| history expansion; will expand ! into contents of line in history list. (Ch. 8) |
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Term
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Definition
| (history) move to previous history entry (Ch. 8) |
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Term
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Definition
| (history) move to next history entry (Ch. 8) |
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Term
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Definition
| (history) move to beginning of history list (Ch. 8) |
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Term
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Definition
| (history) move to end of history list (Ch. 8) |
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Term
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Definition
| (history) reverse incremental search (Ch. 8) |
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Term
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Definition
| (history) reverse search, non-incremental. Type in search string and press enter before search is performed. (Ch. 8) |
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Term
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Definition
| (history) forward search, non-incremental. (Ch. 8) |
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Term
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Definition
| (history) execute current item in history list and advance to next one (Ch. 8) |
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Term
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Definition
| (history) repeat last command (Ch. 8) |
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Term
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Definition
| (history) repeat last history list item starting with string (Ch. 8) |
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Term
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Definition
| (history) repeat last history list item containing string (Ch. 8) |
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Term
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Definition
records an entire shell session and stroes it in a file
script [file] (Ch. 8) |
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Term
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Definition
| display user identity (Ch. 9) |
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Term
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Definition
| change a file's mode/permissions (Ch. 9) |
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Term
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Definition
| set default file permissions (Ch. 9) |
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Term
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Definition
| run a shell as another user (Ch. 9) |
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Term
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Definition
| execute a command as another user (Ch. 9) |
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Term
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Definition
| Change a file's owner (Ch. 9) |
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Term
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Definition
| change file's group ownership (Ch. 9) |
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Term
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Definition
| change user's password (Ch. 9) |
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Term
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Definition
| (attribute) a regular file (Ch. 9) |
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Term
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Definition
| (attribute) directory (Ch. 9) |
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Term
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Definition
| (attribute) a symbolic link; remaining attributes are always rwxrwxrwx (Ch. 9) |
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Term
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Definition
| (attribute) character special file, refers to device that handles data as a stream of bytes (Ch. 9) |
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Term
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Definition
| (attribute) block special file, refers to device that handles data in blocks (Ch. 9) |
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Term
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Definition
(permission attribute) files: allows file to be opened/read
directories: allows directory contents to be listed if execute attribute is also set (Ch. 9) |
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Term
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Definition
(permission attribute) files: can be written/truncated but not renamed/deleted.
directory: files can be created/deleted/renamed if exec attrib is set (Ch. 9) |
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Term
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Definition
(permission attribute) file: can be executed
directory: can be entered (cd directory) (Ch. 9) |
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