Term
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Definition
The study of rules that govern pronunciation within a language
Involved determining the language specific distinctive phonemes and rules that describe the set of changed that take place when those phonemes occur in words
It is the study of the mind |
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Term
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Definition
| Totality of motor processes involved in planning and execution of sequences of overlapping gestures that result in speech |
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Term
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Definition
What we are actually doing when we talk and listen
Vocal tract is used to produce speech |
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Term
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Definition
Teeth
Tongue
Alveolar ridge: bony ridge behind upper teeth
Hard palate
Soft palate/velum
Uvula
Pharynx |
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Term
| Two levels of sound presentation |
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Definition
Phonetic level: sounds are central units
Phonemic level: represented by phonemes
Phoneme: central unit of phonology
The smallest entity that can be distinguished by its contrasting function within words |
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Term
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Definition
A set of binary features designed to describe the phonemes in all languages
Phonemes can be described as a bundle of features |
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Term
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Definition
Tongue moves in 2 dimensions with in vocal tract
Portion of tongue that is involved in articulation (front, central, back)
Position of tongue in relation to palate (high, mid, low)
Degree of lip rounding and unroundnig |
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Term
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Definition
| Primarily produced with a partially or completely constricted vocal tract |
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Term
| 3 dimensions of consonants |
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Definition
Place-location of constriction in vocal tract
Manner- degree or type of closure
Status of vocal folds |
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Term
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Definition
Labial/bilabial-one or both lips
Labiodentals- lower lip and teeth
Interdental-between tongue and upper teeth
Alveolar- tongue and alveolar ridge
Palatal- tongue and palate
Glottal-glottis (space b/t vocal folds) |
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Term
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Definition
Stop plosives-complete closure/occlusion at specific points in the vocal tract
Fricatives- air pushes through narrow constriction and causes friction
Affricates- combination of stop and fricative
Nasals- oral closure and open VP such that airflow occurs
Glides- gradual changing articulatory shape followed by
vowel-partial labial closure
Liquid/lateral- lingua-alveolar closure in midline with no closure at sides |
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Term
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Definition
Consonants can be divided into obstruent’s and sonorant’s
Obstruent- stops, fricatives, affricates
Sonorants- nasals, liquids, glide |
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Term
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Definition
Made with relatively open vocal tract that facilitates voicing and resonation
Vowel, glides, nasals, liquids |
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Term
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Definition
Specific properties of a phoneme depending upon its position in a word
Several phonemes have allophones |
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Term
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Definition
A non distinctive variation of a phoneme
A phoneme is a family of allophones
Allo means vary |
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Term
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Definition
Aspiration- puff of air following release of phoneme-h
Unaspirated- backwards c
Unreleased- tip of tongue stops at alveolar ridge – normally final position- upside down L
Glottal stop- stop formed with vocal folds- ?
Flapped- formed by raising tongue tip to alveolar ridge quickly- backwards ?
Intervocalic /t/- produced before weak syllables |
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Term
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Definition
| One production of the phoneme (at the end of word is arrested) and the other (at beginning of next word) is released-start and end with same phoneme : |
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Term
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Definition
| Velum is lowered during production ~ 2 nasals sandwich vowel |
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