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It is the study of speech sounds, it is important because it help transcribe languages |
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Is the study of the rule system of the sounds |
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focuses physical properties of sounds. Techincal area
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is concerned with how listeners perceive these sounds. Psycholinguistics are interested in this area.
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is the study of how the vocal tract produces the sounds of language. |
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| are produced with some closure or restriction in the vocal tract as the airstream is pushed through the glottis out of the mouth. |
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are produced without any articulators touching or even coming close together. There is nothing in the vocal tract that narrows the passage such that it would obstruct the free flow of the airstream. |
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If you feel vibration, this means that your vocal cords are open and the sound in question is a voiceless sound |
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If, on the other hand, you feel some vibration or a buzzing feeling, this is due to the vibration of your vocal cords which are closed together. |
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range all the way from the glottis to the lips |
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Parameters describing a consonat |
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Voice, place of articulation and manner of articulation |
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refers to the several kinds of constriction that may be set up at
some point along the speech tract by the articulators.
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Bilabial, Labiodental, interdental(theeth and tongue in between), dental, elveolar(front tongue raised to elveolar ridge), retroflex (tongue back behind alveolar reach), palato-alveolar, palatal(tongue front and hard palate), velar(tongue back and soft palate), uvular, pharyngeal(tongue roof and pharynx use in French) and glottal(vocal folds in larynx) |
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Manner of articulation. Sounds that are stopped completely in the oral cavity for a brief period of time. There are nasal and oral.
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Manner of articulation. If the airstream is not completely stopped because of a narrow passage in the oral cavity that causes friction and turbulence.
Sibilants: the higher pitched sounds with a more obvious hiss |
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Manner of Articulation. a stop closure (stop) + slow release (fricative) |
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slight closure of the articulators, they are almost like vowels. Therefore, they are often called semi-vowels or approximant. It is an approximant
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some obstruction formed by the articulators, but not narrow
enough to cause any real constriction. Manner of articulation.
¨Lateral: obstruction of the airstream with incomplete closure one or both sides of the tongue and the roof of the mouth
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A liquid, obstruction of the airstream with incomplete closure tongue tip
Trill: when tongue tip trills (rolls)
Flap: when tongue tip flaps (taps) against the alveolar ridge
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The part of the tongue that is raised(tongue hight)
The configuration of the lips(rounding)
The extent to which the tongue approaches the palate above
it(tongue advancement)
The degree of muscular effort and movement that goes into the
the production of vowel sounds( tense=long, lax=short)
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Two part vowel sounds that consist of a vowel plus a glide (either [j] or [w]) in the same syllable. For example [aw]: as in "hour", "brow"
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Features over and above the segmental values of voicing or
place of articulation
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a distinctive pitch level associated with a syllable |
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Low, high, mid>register
falling and raising>countour |
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the smallest perceptible discrete segment of speech |
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A class of speech sounds that are identified by a native speaker as the same sound |
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allophone are the different types of phoneme.
For example /p/= Phoneme
/P/, /pʰ/,/p˺/= Allophone
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A vowel becomes nasalized before a nasal segment (within the same syllable) |
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One of the phonological rules to illustrate allophones. It is the period between the release of the closure of a consonant and the start of the vocal cord activity for the vowel that comes after it. This period is usually felt as a puff of air. For example pill [phil] spill [spil] |
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| Is produced when tongue tip flaps (taps) against the alveolar ridge when /t/ or /d/ are between the stressed syllable and unstressed syllable. For example writer [ráıɾər] |
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The back of the tongue is raised toward the velum during the
articulation of /l/.
[l] and [ł] are the allophones of the same phoneme in English;
Example milk.
At the end of the syllable is called a coda position
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A pair of words with different meanings with exactly the same
pronunciation except for one sound that differs
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Complimentary Distribution or free variation |
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When sounds are in complementary distribution, they cannot
be contrastive. The replacement of one sound for the other
does not change the meaning of the word.
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Attempt to relate the study of language to a unified theory of the
structure of a human behavior
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potentially cross-cultural and comparative in that it may be applied to several languages or cultures at a time. From the outside.
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language or culture specific in that it can be applied to only one
at a time.From within
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