Term
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Definition
coronal - articulated with the tongue
nasal - velum is lowered, so the airstream is directed through the nose
tongue blade makes a stop closure at the alveolum, the ridge just back of the upper teeth |
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Term
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Definition
| articulated by raising and fronting the tongue blade |
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Term
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Definition
take note of all such qualities in even a few words of English speech
detailed |
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Term
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Definition
| rough phonetic spelling generally without extensive training or experience |
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Term
noncontrastive characteristics
also nonphonemic |
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Definition
presence is determined by neighboring phones or by the individuality of the speaker
not associated with the meanings of morphemes
cannot, therefore, make a difference of linguistic meaning |
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Term
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Definition
not required by neighboring phones in an utterance
not determined by the individuality of the speaker
associated with morphemes as form to meaning
distinguish or contrast meanings |
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Term
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Definition
| sets of phonetically similar noncontrastive phones |
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Term
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Definition
| the separate phones of the set |
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Term
| noncontrastive distribution |
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Definition
either complementary distribution or free variation
allophones are in noncontrastive distrubution |
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Term
| complementary distribution |
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Definition
| when their places of occurrence in words are such that where one is pronounced the other is not |
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Term
free variation
(overlapping) |
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Definition
| when one allophone or another can occur without affecting the meaning of morphemes |
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Term
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Definition
| writing which systematically lacks the noncontrastive or nonphonemic details, usually written with // |
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Term
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Definition
| voiceless stop when it is followed by voicelessness heard as a momentary puff of air |
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Term
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Definition
words that differ minimally, by one phone
evidence that the difference of two phones is contrastive of meaning |
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Term
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Definition
| a noncontrastive feature of a language |
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