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Linguistics Vocabulary (Chapter Thirteen)
Essential Introductory Linguistics, Hudson, WashU
25
Language - Other
Undergraduate 1
10/16/2010

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Term
morpheme
Definition
a sign of language
an association of a simple meaning and its form
Term
lexicon
Definition
mental dictionary
Term
allophonic rules
Definition
fill in qualities of pronunciation which are absent in the lexical forms of morphemes
Term
morphophonemic rules
Definition
change or choose between meaningful qualities given as part of the lexical entries of morphemes
Term
phonological conditioning
Definition
rules, like all allophonic and some morphophemic, that apply under conditions expressed strictly in phonological terms
Term
phonological condition of morphophonemic rule
ex. 1
English plural suffix devoicing
Definition
the word-final obstruent (stop or fricative) has the value for voicing (voiced or voiceless) of a preceding obstruent.

therefore, the plural of coat /kot/ goes to coats /kots/ while the plural of code /kod/ goes to /kodz/
Term
aspiration
Definition
articulation is released with a little puff of air which sounds a lot like [h]
denoted [kʰ] for [k]
Term
stress
Definition
emphasis placed on a particular letter
is denoted á

rule: nouns, main verbs, adjectives, and adverbs have at least one stressed vowel
Term
devoicing
Definition
when a letter follows a voiceless sounds and assimilates, changing to its voiceless counterpart
Term
alternants
Definition
forms of the same morpheme in morphophonemic rules
Term
alternation
Definition
the relation of two forms of a morpheme within a single
Term
voicing
Definition
the opposite of devoicing
when a voiceless sound assimilates to be similar to a sound nearby that is voiced
Term
morphophonemic conditioning
Definition
conditions of application of some rules that refer to categories of grammar and phonology
Term
suppletions
Definition
presumably phonologically unrelated stems that have the same definitional root
ex. go and went
ex. ir and voy
ex. être and suis
Term
assimilation
Definition
when phones become similar to neighboring phones
one of the most common phonological rules
Term
deletion
Definition
rules which delete phones
Term
insertion
Definition
when a phone is inserted
Term
metathesis
Definition
inversion of phones
Term
derivation
Definition
the step-by-step application of rules to a lexical or phonemic form, to yield a pronunciation or phonetic form
Term
underlying form
Definition
input to a derivation
Term
phonological features
Definition
things that classify phones
classes
Term
alternants
Definition
two or more forms of the same morpheme that are the input/output of a morphological transformation
Term
alternation
Definition
the relation between two alternants
Term
morphological conditioning
Definition
rules that refer to morphology, categories of grammar, and to phonology
Term
morphological conditioning
Definition
rules that refer to morphology, categories of grammar, and to phonology
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