Term
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Definition
| The creative use of illumination to enhance the spectators understanding and appreciation of a theatrical production. |
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Term
| The lighting designer uses light to achieve 3 primary goals... |
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Definition
1. To effectively illuminate the stage (visibility and selective focus)
2. To sculpt, mold & model the actors, sets & costumes (modeling)
3. To create an environmental atmosphere that is supportive of the play's production concept (mood) |
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Term
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Definition
-Very few references to night.
-Performed during the daytime.
-Stages face east.
-Audience backs to sunrise. |
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Definition
-Headress with feathers.
-Caused big shadows
-Greek Theatre |
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Term
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Definition
-Tall boots.
-Made actors taller.
-Greek Theatre |
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Definition
-First "lighting instrument"
-Greek Theatre |
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Definition
-Torches were used for evening performances
-Special effects (fires; burning entire set). |
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Definition
-Outdoors.
-Used torches.
-Special effects: fire.
-Fireworks. |
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Definition
-They would have an actor walk across stage with a torch to make it appear to be night.
-Built so sun would never hit the actors.
-Candles, torches, & lanterns used to signify night scenes. |
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Term
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Definition
| -Heavens or the shadows protected actors from the sunlight |
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Term
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Definition
-Teatro Farnese (1618).
-torches.
-cressets: ceramic or metal oil lamps filled with vegetable oil or animal fat.
-Tallow candles: made out of animal fat (smell and smoke) |
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Term
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Definition
-"Architettura"
-Italian Renaissance |
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Term
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Definition
-Glass vessel originally intended for liquid storage, filled iwth wine or colored water and served as a focusing lens due to its convex shape.
-Italian Renaissance |
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Term
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Definition
-Candles and lamps positioned in wings to help light scenery.
-Italian Renaissance. |
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Term
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Definition
| -Candles attached to the back of flats to help light scenery |
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Term
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Definition
-1580s
-Theatre constructed by Andrea Palladio.
-Italian Renaissance. |
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Term
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Definition
-"Practica"
-Sabbatini dimmer.
-Plenty of buckets with water backstage.
-Footlights appeared in early 1600s and Sabbatini HATED it!
-Italian Renaissance. |
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Term
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Definition
-German architect
-"Architectura Recreationis"
-Futtenbach lamp with reflector
-wrote about chandaliers about the audience
-pole on side of the stage with candles.
-experimenting with footlights coming up from floor. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| -would cut wicks during performances. |
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Term
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Definition
-Guttering
-Wicktrimmers
-Costumes |
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Definition
-Invents Argand burner
-The wick can be adjusted |
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Term
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Definition
-1804
-1817 the Lyceum Theatre in London becomes the 1st theatre to operate with a gas light. |
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Term
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Definition
| -switchboard that controlled the flow of gas to various parts of the stage |
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Term
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Definition
-oxygen and hydrogen used to heat a block of limestone, creating intense but soft beam of light.
-1st theatrical spotlight
-mediums (1st gels, silk/cotton cover) |
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Definition
-Invents electric lightbulb
-Savoy Theatre first to upgrade to electric lights |
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Term
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Definition
| -Lighting designer who invents the first incandescent spotlight |
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Term
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Definition
-Writer/designer
-Modern concept of lighting design began with his writing |
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Definition
| -Lighting designer for some great musicals |
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Definition
| -Dean of American lighting design |
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Definition
| principal designer for Paul Taylor Dance Company |
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Term
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Definition
| -United Scenic Artist of America recognizes stage lighting as an independent design area |
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Term
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Definition
a) The direction from which the light approaches an area/actor/object.
b) The shape and size of area the light is covering
c) Quality of light (texture: smooth, uneven, patterned, hard/soft edges)
d) Character of light
*The focus of light determines both pattern and position |
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Term
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Definition
| -The actual amount or level of brightness. |
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Definition
a) Timed duration of a light cue
b) Movement of onstage light
c) Movement of offstage light |
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Term
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Definition
| -Extremely powerful tool that allows the designer to use the full range of the rainbow. |
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Term
| 4 controllable properties of light... |
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Definition
1) Distribution
2) Intensity
3) Movement
4)Color |
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Term
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Definition
-The lighting must make actor/costumes/set clearly visible to audience.
-One challenge is to create a selective visibility that subtly directs the audience's attention to a specific area/location. |
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Term
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Definition
| -Directing the audience's attention to a specific area of the stage. |
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Term
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Definition
| -Light can be thought of as a plastic sculptural medium that is used to reveal form through the creation of a pattern of highlight and shadow |
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Term
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Definition
| -Within th parameters of the concept, stagelight is usually disigned to enhance the mood of the play as unobtrusively as possible |
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Term
| 4 Functions of Stage Lighting... |
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Definition
1) Visibility
2) Selective Focus
3) Modeling
4) Mood |
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Term
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Definition
-Design, installation & operation of lighting & special electrical effects
-Produces a light plot
-Lighting sectional
-Compiles schedule/hookup sheet |
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Term
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Definition
-Impliments the design
-Acquisition, installation & maintenance of all lighting equipment
-Supervision of crew
-Hanging & circuiting the equipment used in the design
-Maintaining the look |
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Term
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Definition
-Hanging
-Place instruments in position
-Circuit & patch instruments
-Gel instruments
-Focusing
-assist designer
-Running
-Operation of equipment during the
show
-Follow spot
-Repatch
-Replace
-Refocus
-Recircuit |
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Term
| Assistant Lighting Designer... |
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Definition
-General assistant to designer
-Paperwork (light plot, lighting sectional, instrument schedule)
-Focus |
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Term
| Working in a Repertory Theatre situation... |
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Definition
| -The designer frequently designers a unit plot to create basic lighting for each of the plays in rep. There is also a changeover between plays that the designer can do the work for, or an associate designer. |
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Term
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Definition
| -The flow of movement of electors through a conductor |
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Term
| 3 Parts to every Electrical System... |
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Definition
1) Source-origin of electrical potential
2) Load-a device that converts electrical energy into another foarm of energy
3) Circuit-a conductive path through which electricity flows |
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Term
| How does a Series Circuit operate? |
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Definition
-All electricity flows through ever element of the circuit
-If any of the lamps burn out, the circuit will be broken, the electricity won't flow, and the remaining lamps will go out. |
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Term
| How does a Parallel Circuit operate? |
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Definition
-Only a portion of the electricity flows through each of the branches of the circuit.
-If one of the lamps burns out, the electricity will continue to flow in the rest of the circuit, and the other lamps will continue to glow |
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Term
| How does a Combination Circuit operate? |
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Definition
| -Any electrical circuit that uses a switch to control a light is a working example of a combination circuit. |
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Term
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Definition
-Any Materal with an abundance of free electrons
-Copper, aluminum, gold, silver, water |
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Term
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Definition
-A material with few free electrons
-Air, glass, paper, rubber, most plastics |
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Term
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Definition
-Basically functions like a switch
-When the current flow exceeds the rating of the circuit breaker, an internal bimetal strip flexes and trips a release to open the circuit
-Does not have to be replaced when it trips |
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Term
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Definition
-Contains a soft metallic strip that becomes a link in the circuit when it is placed in its socket or fuse holder
-not reusable |
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Term
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Definition
-Used to connect 2 instruments in the same circuit
-Take care not to eeed the max current rating of any element |
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Term
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Definition
-aka directing cabling, originally involved running a cable from each lighting instrument directly to the dimmer to which it was assigned.
-it got its name fromt he tangled web of cables created by circuiting a production in this manner |
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Term
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Definition
| -A small connecting strip containing 4-8 circuits that can be clamped to a pipe or boom. |
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Term
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Definition
| -A connecting box, usually containing 3-6 circuits, the top of which is mounted flush with the stage floor |
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Term
| Safety working with Cables and Connectors... |
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Definition
-When a cable is not in use, cable it
-Check cables and connectors periodically and replace any items that show signs of cracking
-Always disconnect a plug by pulling on the body of the connector, not the cable.
-Keep the connectors clean.
-All elements of a cable should be of the same electrical rating |
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Term
| Why is the use of a thicker PLANOT CONVEX LENS not as practical as using a double plano convex lens, a step lens, or a Fresnel lens? |
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Definition
| -The convex surfaces face toward eachother, and this provides the same optical properties as a single lens of greater thickness and curvature, and the total thickness of the two lenses is less than the thickness of the optically comparable single lens |
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Term
| How is a Fresnel Lens created and what are its characteristics when used in a Fresnel Spotlight? |
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Definition
-A Fresnel Lens is a type of step lens with the glass cut away from the convex face of the lens instead of its plano side.
-In the Fresnesl spotlight, the plano side of the lens is finished with a surface treatment to diffuse light. The diffusing treatment generally makes the plano side of the lens appear as though is has been sandblasted, or it may be finished with a series of small rectangualar or irregular circular indentations. |
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Term
| Characteristics & features of Tungsten-Halogen Incandescent Lamp |
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Definition
-Inside bulb of the tungsten-halogen lamp is a halogen, which is chemically active gas instead of an inert gas.
-Halogen cycle becomes active only in a high-temp environment |
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Term
| 3 Parts of every Incanescent lamp... |
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Definition
1) Bulb-Pyrex or synthetic quartz envelope that encases the filament and acts as a container for the gas-filled atmosphere of the lamp.
2) Base-secures the lamp in the socket and provides the electrical contact points between the socket and the filament.
-Filament-made of tungsten wire, usually tightly coiled & strung in one of the general configurations. |
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Term
| How Tunsten-Halogen Incandescent Lamps are to be handled & precautions... |
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Definition
-Must be kept free of all fingerprings, grease, or other foreign substance that could cause a change in the heat-dissipation characteristics of the bulb.
-When installing lamps, grasp by the base rather than the bulb.
-If you happen to touch the lamp envelope with your finger, or get any other foreign substance on it, be sure to wipe the surface clean with a soft cloth and vinegar or rubbing alcohol. |
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Term
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Definition
-can be defined as any surface that reflects light, but to be useful a reflector needs to redirect light in a specific manner.
-Surface finish and reflector shape are 2 qualities that determine the characteristics and effectiveness of any reflector.
-The 2 primary types of materials used to make reflectors are metal and glass. |
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Term
| What does ERS stand for & what are the characterstics? |
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Definition
-Ellipsoidal reflector spotlight
1) The quality of light produced by this instrument can be characterized as generally hard edged with little diffusion.
2) The shape of the beam is controlled by internally mounted shutters.
3) The spill light from an ERS is minimal. |
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Term
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Definition
-Glass color medium for use with striplights.
-Usually has diffusing properties |
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Term
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Definition
-Lightweight metal holder for color media that fits in a holder at the front of a lighting instrument
-Fresnel Accessory |
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Term
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Definition
-A thin metal template inserted into an ellipsoidal reflector spotlight to project a shadow pattern of light
-Fresnel Accessory |
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Term
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Definition
-Parabolic aluminized reflector
-PAR would be found in a PAR can |
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