Term
| Electromagnetic radiation |
|
Definition
| the source of xrays, infrared, radar, radio, tv |
|
|
Term
| electromagnetic radiation |
|
Definition
| the very small part of electromagnetic spectrum that is visible to the human eye - what we call "light" |
|
|
Term
| gamma rays, x rays, ultra-violet, visible light, infrared, radio waves |
|
Definition
| various forms of electromagnetic radiation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ultra-violet rays range from? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| infrared radiation ranges from? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| visible light spectrum ranges from? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what discriminates the detal and sense color and detects a very wide range of luminance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what is located in the center of the eye? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what is located in the periphery of the eye? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| extremely light-sensitive but lack color sensitivity |
|
|
Term
| we see no color and we lack detail discrimination |
|
Definition
| what is our vision like in dim light? |
|
|
Term
| object, lighting, observer |
|
Definition
| what are the 3 components of any seeing task? |
|
|
Term
| size, luminance, contrast (including color), exposure time |
|
Definition
| what are the primary factors affecting the visual task of seeing object? |
|
|
Term
| familiarity with object, degree of seeing accuracy required, moving/stationary, peripheral patterns |
|
Definition
| what are the secondary factors affecting the visual task of seeing object? |
|
|
Term
| illumination level (illuminance), glare - disability/discomfort |
|
Definition
| primary factors affecting lighting |
|
|
Term
| luminance ratioas, brightness patterns, chromacity |
|
Definition
| secondary factors affecting lighting |
|
|
Term
| eye conditions, age/health, adaptation level, fatigue level |
|
Definition
| primary factors affecting the observer |
|
|
Term
| subjective impressions, psychological reactions |
|
Definition
| secondary factors affecting the observer |
|
|
Term
| luminious intensity = candela = cd (candle power = cp) = I |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| where does one candela radiate light? |
|
|
Term
one foot form the source
1 lumen is produced over one square foot of spherical surface
also 1 meter from the source, one lumen over one square meter of spherical surface |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what does the eye percieve in luminous flux? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the density of luminous power |
|
|
Term
| 1 candela of luminous power measured a foot away produces 1 lumen of luminous flux over 1 square foot spherical surface |
|
Definition
| a surface that has an illuminance of 1 foot candle |
|
|
Term
1 candela of luminous power measured a meter away produces 1 lumen of luminous flux over a 1 sq meter spherical surface
10.764 lx = 1 fc
10 lx = 1 fc |
|
Definition
| surface that has an illuminance of 1 lux |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dependent on the luminance of the object and the eye itself |
|
|
Term
| qualitative, because a light may appear to be bright in a darkened room but will appear dim in the full sun |
|
Definition
| is brightness a qualitative or quantitative term? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
measurably state of luminosity
cd/π/ft² or cd/m² |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
total luminous flux density leaving a surface
lm/ft² or lm/m²
|
|
|
Term
| luminance = illuminance x reflectance factor /π |
|
Definition
| luminance formula for si units |
|
|
Term
Luminance = Illuminance x Reflectance Factor
fL = fc x RF |
|
Definition
| luminance formula for I-P units |
|
|
Term
| transmittance and reflectance |
|
Definition
| how does light get into our eyes? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| light from materials able to transmit light, light passes through them or emanates from them (primary light source) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| from materials able to reflect light, light bounces off them (secondary light source) |
|
|
Term
coefficient of transmission, transmittance, transmission factor
|
|
Definition
is the ratio of the total transmitted light to the total
incident light. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A greater absorption of electromagnetic radiation at some wavelengths (or frequencies) than at others. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
In nondiffuse transmission, the light is refracted (bent) but emerges in the same beam as it enters. Clear materials such as glass, water, and certain plastics exhibit this type of transmission. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Diffuse transmission takes place through any
translucent material such as frosted glass, white
glass, milky Plexiglas, tissue paper, and so on. This
diffusing principle is widely employed in lighting
fixtures (luminaries) to spread the light generated
by the source within the fixture. |
|
|
Term
| reflectance coefficient, reflectance, reflectance factor |
|
Definition
Similarly, the ratio of reflected to incident light
and is variously called which names? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A greater absorption of electromagnetic radiation at some wavelengths (or frequencies) than at others. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| reflection that occurs on a smooth surface such as polished glass or smooth stone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is the reflection of light from a surface such that an incident ray is reflected at many angles rather than at just one angle as in the case of specular reflection. |
|
|
Term
as distance from source doubles, illuminance is reduced by the distance squared
lux = cd intensity/ (d) squared
and
fc = cd intensity / distance squared |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| distribution of luminous intensity is not spherical or symmetrical |
|
Definition
| lighting fixtures which have particular characteristics, what are they? |
|
|
Term
| CDC = candlepower distribution curve |
|
Definition
| graph demonstrating the light distribution throughout a space |
|
|
Term
- daylight supplemented by artificial lighting
- effect of light on the design of interior spaces and the effect of interior spaces on light
- generation and utilization of light
- characteristics
- visual tasks
- brightness
- energy issues
- cost of lighting; effect on HVAC
|
|
Definition
| quantity of light in the built environment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
daylight supplemented by artificial lighting
quantity or quality in the built environment? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
effect of light on the design of interior spaces and the effect of interior spaces on light
quantity or quality in the built environment? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
generation and utilization of light
quantity or quality in the built environment? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
characteristics
quantity or quality in the built environment? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
visual tasks
quantity or quality in the built environment? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
brightness
quantity or quality in the built environment? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
energy issues - cost of lighting; effect on HVAC
quantity or quality in the built environment? |
|
|
Term
- psychological and physiological effects of light
- color and its effect on light and the effect of colored light
- the artistic play of light and shadow
- brightness
|
|
Definition
| quality of light in the built environment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
psychological and physiological effects of light
quantity or quality in the built environment? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
color and its effect on light and the effect of colored light
quantity or quality in the built environment? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the artistic play of light and shadow?
quantity or quality in the built environment? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
brightness
quantity or quality in the built environment? |
|
|
Term
| luminance, diffusion, uniformity, chromacity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| excessive luminance or luminance ratios in field of vision |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what causes discomfort by the light source in field of vision? |
|
|
Term
| relfected or veiling glare |
|
Definition
| what causes discomfort off a viewed surface? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| caused by luminance, size, position of light source and adaption level of eyes |
|
|
Term
- eye adapts to higher light level making it harder to "see" task
- eye is drawn in two directions = visual tension = discomfort
- adaption level continuously varying = discomfort
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| larger, low-brighness sources |
|
Definition
| what sources cause direct glare discomfort? |
|
|
Term
| light fixtures near the viewer |
|
Definition
| what causes reflected glare and veiling reflections? |
|
|
Term
by changing the angle of the task-eye-source
by increasing glare-free task lighting to overpower the glare |
|
Definition
| how can you avoid reflected glare and veiling reflections? |
|
|
Term
- dimming or switching lamps,
- using luminairs with lower illuminance,
- use luminaire to illuminate large secondary source
- reduce luminance of luminaires that cause glare
|
|
Definition
| how can you control source characteristics to avoid reflected glare? |
|
|
Term
| visual performance increases with contrast, luminance of object and immediate surroundings |
|
Definition
| how does visual perfomance increase? |
|
|
Term
- task to adj. darker surroundings 3:1
- task to remote darker surfaces 10:1
- lighting fixtures/windows 20:1 to sizable adj. surfaces
- field of view max 40:1
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
- variation in luminance across task max 2.5:1 to 3:1
- task to background max 3:1
- task to remote surface 10:1
|
|
Definition
| IEA sourcebook luminance ratios |
|
|
Term
wall 50%
floor 30%
ceiling 80%
furniture 35% |
|
Definition
| typical reflectance factors |
|
|
Term
lower temps are red, blue-white temps are hot
lower temps being: candlelight, tungsten light, early sunrise, household light bulbs
higher temperatures: neon, daylight, direct sun
overcast daylight, blue sky |
|
Definition
| color temperature from blue to red |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| color of light transmitted or reflected is a result of color of light and selective absorption of light |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what colors occur when there are no selective absorption? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| colorless, achromatic, neutral, lacking hue |
|
|
Term
value or brilliance
degree of white or black added |
|
Definition
| what differentiates color of the same hue? |
|
|
Term
| hue, brilliance, saturation |
|
Definition
| 3 characteristics of object color |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what are all light sources compared to? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
found expression in design that took little cognizance
of visual task needs and displayed an inordinate
penchant for incandescent wall washers,
architectural lighting elements, and form-giving
shadows. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
saw all spaces in termsof illuminance levels and cavity ratios, and performedits design function with footcandles (lux) and dollars as the ruling considerations. |
|
|
Term
| illuminating engineering society of north america |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what color is the longest wavelength |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what color is the shortest wavelength |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what color combination occurs when light is shown over the entire visible spectrum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| capability to transmit incident light |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| light is refracted but emerges in the same beam as it enters |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| exhibits a uniform brigtness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| si unit for luminous intensity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what is a measure of photometric power? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
light power as perceived
by the human eye and therefore as a function of
human physiology. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the time rate of flow of
perceived
luminous energy. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what does one lumen produce? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the density of luminous power, expressed in terms of lumens per unit area |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
measurable,
reproducible state of object luminosity |
|
|
Term
| subjective or apparent brightness |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A surface that is a perfect
diffuser, whether by emitting light diffusely or
reflecting light diffusely, |
|
|
Term
| lambertian surface equation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| portable illuminance meter |
|
Definition
| what are field measurements made with? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| meeters corrected for light incident at oblique angles that do not reach the cell due to reflection from the surface glass and shielding of the light-sensitive cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| how tall is the working plane from the floor? |
|
|
