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Light Concepts and Design
Quiz 2 Study Guide
110
Film, Theatre & Television
Undergraduate 4
12/13/2012

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Cards

Term
What are the properties of a particle?
Definition

•Travels in a Straight line

•Can travel in a vacuum

Term
What are the properties of a wave?
Definition
Refraction, Diffraction, and Diffusion
Term
What is wave-particle duality?
Definition
Exhibits properties of both particles and waves
Term
How is light created?
Definition
Incandescent → Heating it up (Vibration of Atom)
Luminescent → Lower temperature (Vibration of Electrons)
Term
What is the Law of Specular Reflection?
Definition
The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.
Term
What does a Specular reflector do?
Definition
Creates a near perfect reflection
Term
What does a diffuse reflector do?
Definition
It will spread light in all directions
Term
What does a parabolic reflector do to the light?
Definition
Reflects light in parallel rays
Term
What is a medium?
Definition
Anything that light can pass through is a medium.
Term
How does light bend when crossing from a medium of a low optical density to a medium of a high optical density?
Definition
The light will bend towards the normal line
Term
Where in the optic train of an ERS are gobos and shutters placed?
Definition
At the gate
Term
What are ERS fixtures commonly used for?
Definition
Commonly used for a Front or a Key light. Other uses are as specials, wash lights, pattern/effects projectors.
Term
What type of reflector is used in a Fresnel fixture?
Definition
A spherical reflector
Term
What type of lamp is used in a Par Can?
Definition
Sealed beam reflector
Term
What type of reflector is used in a Par lamp?
Definition
Parabolic reflector
Term
What type of reflector is used in a CYC light?
Definition
Asymmetrical Spread reflector
Term
What is the optimum throw distance for a CYC light?
Definition
8 feet
Term
What type of lamp is used in an ETC Source 4?
Definition
The HPL-575
Term
How do you focus a follow spot?
Definition
Trombone
Term
What three types of light sources are found in follow spots?
Definition
Incandescent, Carbon Arc and Arc
Term
What do the cones do?
Definition
Cones cells are responsible for color and detail and function in normal light levels.
Term
Who developed the modern system of classifying color?
Definition
Albert Henry Munsell
Term
What is value?
Definition
How light or dark a hue is from white to black
Term
What are the primary colors of light?
Definition
Red, Blue and Green
Term
What is additive color?
Definition
Using multiple colors that can be blended to create other colors
Term
Where is subtractive color mixing used?
Definition
In moving Lights
Term
What are the warm colors?
Definition
Hues from red through yellow that are associated with daylight and sunset and fire
Term
What is a cool color?
Definition
Hues from blue-violet to blue-green that are associated with night and overcast days and water
Term
What is photopigment depletion?
Definition
Loss of color vision due to an over exposure of that color
Term
Why is color so important to a show?
Definition
   •concept of a piece
   •evokes feelings
   •moods and emotions
   •time and place
   •recreates nature
   •used for effects
Term
What formula is used to find the throw distance?
Definition
Pythagorean Theorem A2 + B2 = C2
Term
What is the mf of a fixture based on?
Definition
Based on the field angle of the lens
Term
Why do par lamps have 2 mf values?
Definition
Because the beam produced is an oval
Term
What is a correction factor?
Definition
The percentage of the peak candela from a fixture when using a lamp other than the standard.
Term
What does the transmission value of a filter tell you?
Definition
The percentage of the incident light that passes through a filter
Term
How do you determine the fc of a light that is using a non-standard lamp?
Definition
Multiply the peak candela by the correction factor.
Term
How do you determine the amps needed to power a lighting rig?
Definition
Add up the total watts of every fixture and then divide this number by the standard 120V.
Term
What is the 80% rule?
Definition
You should only use up to 80% of the total amps available. Leaving you a 20% headroom.
Term
What are the standard disconnect sizes?
Definition
100A, 200A, 400A, 600A, 800A
Term
What does the rating of a disconnect mean?
Definition
Amps per leg
Term
What are the standard gauges of feeder cable?
Definition
2/0 and 4/0
Term
What styles of racks do dimmers come in?
Definition
Portable Racks
Touring Racks
Installed Racks
Term
What are standard dimmer power sizes?
Definition
2.4k rated for 2400w
1.2k rated for 1200w
Term
What is a multi-cable?
Definition
One cable that contains multiple circuits
Term
How are multi-cable circuits numbered?
Definition
Letter for Socopex and Number for each individual circuit
Term
Why do we have to load balance?
Definition

•Prevent harmonics

•Prevent oveload on common neutral

Term
What is an SCR and what does it do?
Definition
Silicon Control Rectifier; a solid state unidirectional thyristor used in modern dimming systems. It gates the AC sign wave. A switching device. It turns on and off.
Term
How does a forward phase dimmer work?
Definition
Switching on is delayed to the dim lamp
Term
How does a reverse phase dimmer work?
Definition
Switches off early to the dim lamp
Term
What is a dimmer curve?
Definition
A ratio of light output to console fader level
Term
DMX is an 8-bit protocol, what does this mean?
Definition
This means that each frame contains 8 bits of data
Term
Do you need to send all 512 channels of DMX?
Definition
No
Term
How do Receivers know what information to respond to?
Definition
They are assigned an address that corresponds to a DMX channel number
Term
How is a HI signal generated?
Definition
Data (+) at higher voltage potential
Term
What does LTP stand for?
Definition
Last Takes precedence
Term
What do you need to control lights from a computer?
Definition
Device that translates computer language to DMX.
Ex. A Card, or A widget, or a box.
Term
How many fader channels of control do you have on the Element 40-500?
Definition
120 fader channels
Term
Which console are you using in this class?
Definition
Element 40-500
Term
What does blind mode allow you to do?
Definition
Make changes without altering the present scene
Term
What is the easiest way to record a submaster on the Element?
Definition
Press record and the press the bottom under the fader that you want to assign that submaster to.
Term
What fixture information should the plot contain?
Definition
Type of fixture is being used.
Also the Channel, Dimmer, Circuit, Accessories
Term
What are on stage lighting pipes called?
Definition
Electrics
Term
How are on stage lighting pipes numbered?
Definition
From the Proscenium to Upstage
Term
What are lighting positions in the house called?
Definition
FOH 1, FOH 2, etc.
Term
How are balcony positions numbered?
Definition
Floor to Ceiling
Term
How are in house vertical positions numbered?
Definition
From the closest to Proscenium then to the Front of House
Term
What is the reference point for dimensions on a pipe?
Definition
Center of the pipe
Term
How are lighting fixtures on a vertical position numbered?
Definition
Top to Bottom
Term
What is the reference point for dimensions on a vertical position?
Definition
Fixed Point
Term
What does the key on a lighting plot do?
Definition
It explains what each symbol on the plot represents.
Term
What is the primary purpose of stage lighting?
Definition
To provide visibility
Term
How can you create visual movement?
Definition
Any change in color, angle, intensity or focus
Term
What tools does a Designer utilize in their craft?
Definition
Color, power, fixtures, physics
Term
What skills are useful to a Lighting Designer?
Definition
-Read music
-Have knowledge of art and art history
-Have knowledge of architectural history
-Have knowledge of history in general
-Good organizational skills
-Research skills
-Creativity
Term
What is the first thing a Designer should do after they are hired?
Definition
Read the script and become familiar with material
Term
What is the purpose of the first script reading?
Definition
To make sure you understand what the story is about.
Term
What is the Lighting Concept Statement?
Definition
How the lighting is going to visually represent the vision.
Term
Why is the Concept Statement important?
Definition
-Helps to organize the plan
-It helps to make sure that your plan and vision coincides with the Directors plan and vision.
Term
What is a cue list?
Definition
-A list of every cue
-The cue time and number
-Page Number
-Trigger: movement or line
Term
What is a lighting system?
Definition
A grouping of lights that have the same function or purpose
Term
What is a corporate event?
Definition
Annual Meetings, Product Launches, Fundraisers
Term
What types of venues would one of these events be in?
Definition
Hotel Ballrooms, Convention Centers, Arenas, Theaters
Term
What is a break-out room?
Definition
A smaller meeting room that is part of a larger event
Term
What is the best way to light a podium?
Definition
3-point Lighting
Term
What is the best way to focus lights around a video screen?
Definition
Keep the light off the screen – Soft Focus
Term
What type of scenery can be found on a corporate event?
Definition
Foliage, Drapery, Set-pieces, Signs
Term
What does CCD stand for?
Definition
Charged Coupled Device
Term
What part of the eye is the CCD comparable to?
Definition
Retina
Term
What is three point lighting?
Definition
Key (Primary) 45˚ and Fill Light (Reduce Shadow) 45˚ with Back Light (Dimension)
Term
What is color temperature?
Definition
How white is the light, this is measured in Kelvins
Term
What is an instrument schedule?
Definition
Contains all fixture information – Supplemental information for the plot organized by hang position and unit number
Term
How is the instrument schedule organized?
Definition
By hang position then Unit number
Term
What is the channel hook-up used for?
Definition
Used when doing a channel check
Term
What is a focus chart used for?
Definition
Used to restore the original focus
Term
What is a focus tape?
Definition
Lays out the Grid
Term
What is the Shop Order?
Definition
A list of everything needed to implement design
Term
What is an expendable item?
Definition
Things that you buy and don’t rent
Term
How can a cue sheet be organized?
Definition
Layout or a List
Term
What is one way to lay out the console?
Definition
-Group fixture of same purpose
-Leave blank channels b/t groups
Term
What are two common types of magic sheets?
Definition
List or Graphic
Term
What are the three types of fly systems?
Definition
-Hemp Rigging System
-Single Purchase
-Double Purchase
Term
What is a Hemp rigging system?
Definition
A simple Counter Weight System
Term
What is a Double Purchase Fly system?
Definition
The Fly rail is elevated off the deck.
2 -1 weight, 2 – 1 movement
Term
What type of pipe is used in a fly system?
Definition
Schedule 40. 1 and 1/2' diameter.
Term
What does Schedule 40 mean?
Definition
The wall thickness of the pipe
Term
What is a lift line?
Definition
A Rope attaching the batten to the arbor
Term
What is the purpose of a trim chain?
Definition
Attaches the batten to the lift lines and allows you to level out the pipe
Term
What is an arbor?
Definition
Arbors hold the stage weights in place
Term
What is a clew used for?
Definition
-Combines multiple lift lines to one operating line
-It also gives a place to attach the sand bags
Term
How does the fire curtain operate if no one is around?
Definition
A fusible link
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