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Lifespan
Chapter 16 & 17
44
Health Care
Undergraduate 1
11/01/2012

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Term
Aging process
Definition
All physiologic functions will decline.
Rate of decline variable.
Quality of life variable - determind by rate of decline.
*Effects of disuse or inactivity mimic aging - therefore it's often difficult to assess the difference between effects of aging & disease.
Term
Morbidity
Definition
Rate of incidence of disease
Term
mortality
Definition
death rate in given population
Term
life expectancy
Definition
avg. # years a person born in a particular year can expect to live
Term
Max. human life span
Definition
upper boundary of life span
Term
Compression of morbidity - Fries
Definition
Fries - human life expectancy has increased but max. lifespan has not increased proportionately.
Term
Rowe & Kahn - usual aging
Definition
USUAL aging
-increases in BP
-Increases in blood glucose
-modest memory impairment
-at risk for dev. chronic diseases
Term
Successful aging
Definition
*still has normative changes but coping
-low probability of disease
-high cognitive and phys. functional capacity
-active engagement in life
Term
avoiding disease and disability
Definition
considers risk factors
Term
high cognitive and phys. function
Definition
potential for activity
Term
engagement with life
Definition
interpersonal relations, communication and interaction w/ others
Term
productive activity
Definition
holds societal value
Term
Physiologic characteristics of aging
Definition
-Inactivity - accounts for 1/2 of functional decline between 30-70
-Age assoc changes - acct for other 1/2
-Many researchers have found that exercise and phy. activity can delay and reverse some of effects of disuse and aging.
Term
Physiologic - Cardiovascular & Pulmonary
Definition
decreased stroke volume.
dec. cardiac output.
dec max heart rate.
dec. vascular elasticity.
inc. arterial wall thickness.
increased systolic BP.
inc. diastolic BP
dec. mobility of bony thorax
Term
Physiologic - Body composition
Definition
Decreases in following:
lean body mass
metabolically active tissue
*decline in basal metabolic rate (min amt of energy person uses while resting)
dec. total body water content
electolyte imbalnaces
Degeneration of articluar joint seurfaces
Osteoarthritic
dinmenralization of bones
Term
Increased cross-linking of collagen fibers
Definition
decreased mobility of tendons, bones, ligaments
inc. stiffness
Term
Physiologic - skeletal
Definition
forward head position
inc. kyphosis
change in lordosis
dec. water in vertebral disks
compression fracture of vertebral bodies
Term
Physiologic - Neuromuscular
Definition
Muscle atrophy
dec. lean muscle
slow nerve impulse
widening on neuromuscular junction
dec. type II fibers
gerneralized weakness
impaired balance and mobility
dec. poor endurance
Term
Physiologic - Gait changes
Definition
mild rigidity
dec. body motion
dec. arm swing
wider base of support
inc. time in double support
Term
Physiologic - Integumentary system
Definition
Epidermin thins, flattens.
Inc. susceptiblity to stresses (blisters, skin tears.
Dermin atrophies.
loss of collagen and elasin.
inc. to bruise.
dec oil and sweat glands.
Term
Physiologic - CNS
Definition
dec size and wight of brain.
dec. cerebral blood flow.
Neuronal loss - factors in dementing
significant neuronal loss in thalamus, forebrain and hippocampus.
Term
Common pathologies of elderly - Cardio
Definition
Coronary artery disease
hypertension
valvular heart
left ventruicul dysfunction
congestive heart
dysrhythmias
aortic stenosis, aneruysms
peripheral vascular
Term
Common patholgies - pulmonary
Definition
chronic obstructive and restrictive pulmonary disease.
Pulmonary edema
asthma
pneumonia
Term
common pathologies - musculoskeletal
Definition
osteoporosis
degenerative join disease / arthritis
degenerative disk
thoracic kyphosis
padgets (not comment)
polymyalgia
higp, wrist, vertebral compression fx
Term
common pathologies - metabolic/endocrine
Definition
diabetes
hypercholesterolemia
obesity
kidney failure
Term
common pathologies - PNS & CNS
Definition
CVA
peripheral neuropathers
parkinsons
dementia
alzheimers
Term
common pathologies - sensory - EYE
Definition
Presbyopia (loss of focus near obj.)
Cataracts
glaucoma
macular dengeneration
Term
common pathologies - sensory - EAR
Definition
Presbycusis - inner ear dysf. - diminishes auditory activity.
Vestibular - Presbyastatis (dizzy)
Disequilibrium
Term
common pathologies - sensory - Olfactory
Definition
hyposmia - ability to smell and detect odors
Gustatory - Hypogeuia - taste reduced ability
Term
Cognitive characteristics of aging
Definition
Difficulty orienting to time.
Diff w/ divided attn tasks
Dec. vigiliance (ability to maintain attn sustained on a task)
Term
Cognitive - Memory
Definition
AAMI - age assoc. memory impair
Benign senescent forgetfulness (usually doesnt interfere w/ ADL)
Term
Cognitive - Psychomotor functions
Definition
Decreases in:
reaction time
coordination of complex
use of feedback to adj. movements
ability to manipulate small obj.
Term
Cognitive - Perceptual Motor
Definition
Changes due to changes in sensory systems
interference w/ accurate sensory registration
difficulty w/ divided attn.
Term
Cognitive - Executive functions
Definition
declines generally do not occur until in the 70's in healthy adults
Term
Psychosocial changes w/ aging
Definition
focus on retirement
expanded leisure
Term
pyschosocial changes - Self efficacy (self-worth)
Definition
Lower:
slower fiat speed
fear of falling
general dec. in physical/social function
Term
psychosocial changes - self efficacy
Definition
Higher: postivie predictor for adherence to:
exercise
recovery from conditions of aging
survival rates for those w/ chronic illness/disease
Term
Depression
Definition
One of most widespread causes of activity limitation in elderly.
older people tent to have anxiety, depression
under identified in elderly
low BP is risk factor
Term
Disablement in Adulthood - experience of change in functional ability that results in a different way of being in the world
Definition
Chronology - refers to timing of onset of condition:
Acute - sudden onset, typically time related recovery.

Chronic - conditions w/ gradual, progressive decline over time
Term
Disablement in Adulthood -prognosis: prediction/forecast of probable course of disease in an individual and chances for recovery
Definition
Can be affected by lifestyle choices.
may be related to acquiredlimitations differently than to confenital limitations.
Term
Disablement in Adulthood - contextual factors
Definition
Motivation
coping skills
habits
lifestyle
demographic characteristics: gender, social background
Term
Level of impairment influenced by
Definition
Degree of interference w/ daily living activities.
chronologic age.
level of intrinsic & extrinsic resources.
immediate/extended family
chruch
meals on wheels
attitudes
societal barriers (attitude of others, disc in employment, lack of access to services.)
Term
Barrier free design
Definition
one universal standard of design that allows accessbility to all
Term
Disablity Rights movement
Definition
championed dev of self advocacy for those w/ disability.
has organized, advocated for and won fundamental changes in public policy.
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