Term
| Lifespan Development (5-6) |
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Definition
| The field of study that examines patterns of growth, change, and stability in behavior that occur throughout the entire life span |
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Term
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Definition
| Emphasizes how brain, nervous system, muscles, sensory capabilities, needs for food, drink, and sleep affect behavior |
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Term
| Cognitive Development (7) |
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Definition
| Emphasizes intellectual abilities, including learning, memory, problem solving, and intelligence |
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Term
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Definition
| Emphasizes enduring characteristics that differentiate one person from on person from another, and how interactions with others and social relationships grow and change over the lifetime |
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Term
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Definition
| Way people interact with others; how social relationships grow, change, remain stable throughout life |
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Term
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Definition
| Gradual development with achievements on one level built upon previous previous levels |
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Term
| Discontinuous Change (11) |
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Definition
| Occurs at distinct stages; behavior is assumed to be different than behavior at previous stages |
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Term
| Nature vs. Nurture (12-13) |
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Definition
| Traits, abilities, and capacities that are inherited from one’s parents vs. the environmental influences that shape behavior |
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Term
| Freud Psychoanalytic Theory (15) |
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Definition
| Suggests that unconscious forces act to determine personality and behavior |
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Term
Freud Psychoanalytic Theory (15)
ID |
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Definition
| Raw, unorganized, inborn part of personality that is present at birth. Represents primitive drives related to hunger, sex, aggression, & irrational impulses |
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Term
Freud Psychoanalytic Theory (15)
EGO |
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Definition
| The part of personality that is rational and reasonable. The ego acts as a buffer between the real world outside of us and the primitive id |
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Term
Freud Psychoanalytic Theory (15)
SUPEREGO |
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Definition
| Represents a person’s conscience, incorporating distinctions between right and wrong. Developed @ 5-6, learned from: parents, teachers, and others significant figures |
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Term
Freud Psychoanalytic Theory (16)
Oral |
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Definition
| Interest in oral gratification from sucking, eating, mouthing, biting |
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Term
Freud Psychoanalytic Theory (16)
Anal Phallic |
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Definition
| Gratification from expelling and withholding feces; coming to terms with society’s controls relating to toilet training |
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Term
Freud Psychoanalytic Theory (16)
Genital |
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Definition
| Reemergence of sexual interests and establishment of mature sexual relationships |
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Term
| Ericson's 8 Stages of Psychosocial Development (16) |
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Definition
| Changes in our interaction with and understandings of one another as well as in our knowledge and understanding of us as members of society |
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Term
Erikson Psychosocial Development: 8 Stages (16)
Trust vs. Mistrust |
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Definition
Trust: feelings of trust from environment support.
Mistrust: Fear and concern regarding others (Birth-12/18 mo) |
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Term
Erikson Psychosocial Development: 8 Stages (16)
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt |
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Definition
Autonomy:self-sufficiency if exploration is encouraged.
Shame and doubt: doubts about self, lack of independence (12/18 mo-3) |
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Term
Erikson Psychosocial Development: 8 Stages (16)
Initiative vs. Guilt |
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Definition
Initiative: discovery of ways to initiate actions
Guilt: guilt from actions and thoughts (3-5/6 yrs) |
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Term
Erikson Psychosocial Development: 8 Stages (16)
Industry vs. Inferiority |
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Definition
Industry: development of sense of competence
Inferiority: feelings of inferiority, no sense of mastery (5/6 yr-adolescence) |
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Term
Erikson Psychosocial Development: 8 Stages (16)
Identity vs. Role Diffusion |
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Definition
Identity: awareness of uniqueness os self, knowledge of role to be followed.
Role diffusion: inability to identify appropriate roles in life (adolescence-adulthood) |
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Term
Erikson Psychosocial Development: 8 Stages (16)
Intimacy vs. Isolation |
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Definition
Intimacy: development of loving, sexual relationships and close friendships.
Isolation: fear of relationship with others (early adulthood) |
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Term
Erikson Psychosocial Development: 8 Stages (16)
Generativity vs. Stagnation |
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Definition
Generativity: sense of contribution to continuity of life.
Stagnation: trivialization of one’s activities (middle adulthood) |
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Term
Erikson Psychosocial Development: 8 Stages (16)
Ego-Integrity vs. Despair |
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Definition
Ego-integrity: sense of unity in life’s accomplishment.
Despair: regret over lost opportunity of life (late adulthood) |
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Term
| Classical Conditioning (18) |
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Definition
| A type of learning in which an organism responds in a particular way to a neutral stimulus that normally does not bring about that type of response |
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Term
| Operant Conditioning (19) |
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Definition
| A form of learning in which a voluntary response is strengthened or weakened by its association with positive or negative consequence |
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Term
Piaget's Cognitive Theory (20)
Assimilation |
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Definition
| way people understand an experience by current ways of thinking |
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Term
Piaget's Cognitive Theory (20)
Accomodation |
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Definition
| changing a person's throught by experiencing something new |
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Term
Humanistic Perspective - Carl Rodgers (22)
Positive Regard |
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Definition
| people rely on positive reinforcement from others |
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Term
Bronfenbrenner BioEcology (23-24)
Microsystem |
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Definition
| everyday environment: homes, cargivers, friends, teachers |
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Term
Bronfenbrenner BioEcology (23-24)
Mesosystem |
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Definition
| connections between various aspects of the microsystem: children to parents, students to teachers |
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Term
Bronfenbrenner BioEcology (23-24)
Exosystem |
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Definition
| broader influences of social institutions: local governments, schools, places of worship |
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Term
Bronfenbrenner BioEcology (23-24)
Macrosystem |
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Definition
| larger cultural influences: society in general, types of government (laws), religious and political value systems |
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Term
Bronfenbrenner BioEcology (23-24)
Chronosystem |
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Definition
| the way the passage of time affects an individual that underlines the 4 systems (micro, meso, exo, macro) |
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Term
| Scientific Method: 3 steps (30) |
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Definition
process of posing and answering questions using controlled techniques, orderly observation and collection of data
1. ID questions of interest
2. Formulate explanation
3. Research that supports or refutes it |
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Term
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Definition
| prediction stated in a way that permits it to be tested |
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Term
| Correlation Research (31) |
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Definition
| to identify whether an association or relationship between two factors exist. NOT if one factor causes another |
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Term
| Independent Variable (35) |
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Definition
| the variable that researchers MANIPULATE in an experiment |
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Term
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Definition
| the variable that researchers MEASURE in an experiment and expect it to change as a result of the experimental manipulation |
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