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Lifespan and Development
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48
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
06/16/2013

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

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Term
Plasticity:
Definition
Ability to change in our environments
Term
Resilience:
Definition
Allows us to cope with change more effectively
Term
Pavlov's Theory-->respondent learning
Definition
Respondent learning e.g.
1. Meat is given to dog and dog salivates
2. Meat is given to dog and a bell is rung, dog salivates
3. Bell is rung, dog salivates
Term
Skinner's theory-->Operant conditioning
Definition
Operant conditioning through rewards and punnishements
Term
Thorndike's theory-instrumental conditioning
Definition
e.g. cat in box finds a way out through trial and error
Term
Passive correlation
Definition
Parent chooses environment for child
Term
Evocative correlation
Definition
The child evokes a response that reinforces the heredity behaviour e.g. a baby with a sunny disposition
Term
Active correlation
Definition
Niche-picking to find an environment which suits traits
Term
Teratogens
Definition
Chemicals that can harm a foetus e.g. alcohol, drugs, tobacco etc.
Term
Attachment
Definition
Either secure of avoidant. Can be seen through "separation anxiety, stranger anxiety, reunion behaviour, and secure base".
Term
Pre-conscious thought
Definition
Past conscious thought that the individual can remember
Term
Freudian mechanisms: DRDSPIRA
Definition
D. denial
R. repression
D. displacement
S. sublimation (taking out anger in a more acceptable way)
P. projection
I. intellectualization
R. rationalization (& missing the truth)
A. acting-out
Term
Young children brain development:
Definition
language skills & linking areas such as the corpus collosum and the cerebellum
Term
Autonomy versus Shame
Definition
Second stage in Erik Erikson's theory. Especially related to toilet training. (18 months to three years)
Term
Initiative versus Shame
Definition
Third stage in Erik Erikson's theory. Exploring power and control. e.g When too much power is exerted the child will often be reprimanded (three to five years)
Term
Types of play:
Definition
Non-social: solitary
Parallel: alongside
Social: collaborative (together) or associative (children helping each other to play)
Term
When are gender stereotypes formed by?
Definition
Approximately eighteen months.
Term
Albert Bandura: moral development. ARRM
Definition
A. attention
R. retention
R. reproduction
M. motivation
Term
Kohlberg's moral development stages:
Definition
Pre-conventional-personal gains and staying out of trouble
Conventional-doing things to please others and maintaining a sense of law and order
Post-conventional-social contract and universal ethics
Term
Touch researchers; H.T.H.M.F
Definition
Holt, Talbot, Harlow, Montegu, Field
Term
School-aged children (6/7/-11 years)
Definition
Latent period (Freud), industry versus inferiority, concrete operational (or just better IP?). Legs grow fastest. By age 9 girls overtake boys.
Term
Maori development
Definition
Climbing Te Are Poutama. Holistic.
Term
Obesity:
Definition
more than 20% over "healthy weight"
Term
Freud (on teenagers)
Definition
"a biologically universal disturbance"
Term
G. Stanley Hall (on teenagers)
Definition
"Storm and Stress"
Term
Harry Stack Sullivan (on teenagers)
Definition
"Rebellion" and "peer pressure"
Term
When do children go through their adolescent growth spurt?
Definition
Between the ages of eleven and sixteen.
Term
What are most NZ teenagers dying from?
Definition
motor accidents, then suicide, then illness, then drowning/falling, then "other"
Term
Karpman
Definition
fairy tales and sexuality
Term
Abraham Maslow: basic needs need to be met first
Definition
physiology> safety>belonging>self-esteem>self-actualization
Term
Middle aged people are often called the...
Definition
"Sandwich Generation"
Term
Order of touch researchers. H.T.H.M.F
Definition
Holt, Talbot, Harlow, Montegu, Field
Term
Jean Piaget's Four stages of Cognitive development
Definition
1. sensory-motor
2. pre-operational
3. concrete operations
4. formal operations
Term
Broffenbrenner's Ecological theory:
Definition
1. microsystem
2. mesosystem
3. exosystem
4. macrosystem
5. chronosystem
Term
Attachment theory:
Definition
John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth. Attachment pre-third year of life is important.
Term
What are Jean Piaget's four stages of cognitive development?
Definition
1. Sensory-motor
2. Pre-operations
3. Concrete operations
4. Formal operations
Term
What are Broffenbrenner's five stages?
Definition
1. Micorsystem
2. Mesosystem
3. Exosystem
4. Macrosystem
5. Chronosystem
Term
What are Vygotsky's stages?
Definition
1. Thinking in unordered heaps
2. Thinking in complex stage
3. Thinking in context stage
4. Thinking in true concepts stage
Term
Why do Victims often not leave? 6 F's:
Definition
1. Finance
2. Family
3. Faith
4. Forgiveness
5. Fantasy
6. Fear
Term
What are Sigmoid Freud's psycho-sexual stages?
Definition
1. Oral
2. Anal
3. Phallic
4. Latent
5. Genital
Term
What is Gisela Labouvie-Vief's theory about?
Definition
Gisela Labouvie-Vief's theory is about youth displaying idealistic thinking and adults using pragmatic/realistic thinking
Term
What are John Heron's 6 stages?
Definition
1. Informative
2. Supportive
3. Prescriptive
4. Cathartic
5. Catalytic
6. Sensitive confrontation
Term
What are the 5 stages of grief according to Kuebler-Ross?
Definition
1. Denial
2. Anger
3. Bargaining
4. Depression
5. Acceptance
Term
What are Daniel Levinson's stages as set down by "The Seasons of Man."
Definition
1. Early adult transition (17-22)
2. Entering the Adult world as a novice (22-28)
3. Age 30 transition (28-30)
4. Settling down (33-40)
Term
What is the activity theory?
Definition
That in order for people to progress through old age successfully they must remain physically and socially active.
Term
What is the Disengagement theory?
Definition
That it is mutually beneficial for both the old and the young if old people slowly disengage from contributing to society. This ensures that there is no power vacuum and that old people can self reflect on their lives.
Term
What is the abandonment theory?
Definition
That old people are abandoned by society as they are not valued in a world that praises beauty and youth. They lose their status, are segregated, and have a declined lifestyle.
Term
What is the continuity theory?
Definition
That the core of a person remains the same throughout their lifespan. This theory links all the stages of life.
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