Term
| organized patterns of functioning that adapt and change with mental development |
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Definition
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Term
| the process by which people understand an experience in terms of their current stage of cognitive development and way of thinking |
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Definition
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Term
| changes in existing way of thinking that occur in response to encounters with new stimuli or events |
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Definition
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Term
| During this period, the various reflexes that determine the infant's interactions with the world are at the center of its cognitive life. |
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Definition
Substage 1: Simple reflexes
(first month of life) |
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Term
| At this age infants begin to coordinate what were separate actions into single, integrated activities. |
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Definition
Substage 2: First habits and primary circular reactions
(1-4 months) |
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Term
| During this period , infants take major strides in shifting their cognitive horizons beyond themselves and begin to act on the outside world. |
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Definition
Substage 3: Secondary circular reactions
(4-8 months) |
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Term
| In this stage infants begin to use more caculated approaches to producing events, coordinating several schemes to generate a single act. they achieve object performance during this stage |
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Definition
Substage 4: Coordination of secondary circular reactions
(8-12 months) |
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Term
| At this age infants develop what Piaget regards as the deliverate variation of actions that bring desirable consequences. Rather than just repeating enjoyable activities, infants appear to carry out miniature experiments to observe the consequences. |
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Definition
Substage 5: Tertiary circular reactions
(12-18 months) |
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Term
| The major achievement of Substage 6 is the capacity for mental representation, or symbolic thought. Piaget argued that only at this stage can infants imagine where objects that they cannot see might be. |
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Definition
Sustage 6: Beginnings of thought
(18 month-2yrs) |
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Term
| The sucking reflex causes the infant to suck at anything placed in its lips. This is an example of what substage? |
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Definition
| Substage 1: Simple reflexes |
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Term
| An infant might combine grasping an object with sucking on it, or staring at something with touching it. This is an example of what substage? |
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Definition
| Substage 2: First habits and primary circular reactions |
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Term
| A child who repeatedly picks up a rattle and shakes it in different ways to see how the sound changes is demonstrating her ability to modify her cognitive scheme about shaking rattles. This is an example of what substage? |
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Definition
| Substage 3: Secondary circular reactions |
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Term
| An infant will push one toy out of the way to reach another toy that is lying, partially exposed, under it. This is an example of what substage? |
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Definition
| Substage 4: Coordination of secondary circular reactions |
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Term
| A child will drop a toy repeatedly, varying the position from which he drops it, carefully observing each time to see where it falls. |
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Definition
| Sustage 5: Tertiary circular reactions |
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Term
| Children can plot in their heads unseen trajectories of objects, so that if a ball rolls under a piece of furniture, they can figure out where it is likely to emerge on the other side. This is an example of what substage? |
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Definition
| Substage 6: Beginnings of thought |
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Term
| making speech-like meaningless sounds |
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Definition
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Term
| one-word utterances that stand for a whole phrase, whose meaning depends on the particular context in which they are used |
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Definition
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Term
| speech in which words not critical to the message are left out |
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Term
| the overly restrictive use of words; common amoung children just mastering spoken language |
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Definition
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Term
| the overly broad use of words, overgeneralizing their meaning |
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Definition
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Term
| gestures, vocalizations, facial expressions, and body language (prior to language) |
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Definition
| prelinguistic communication |
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Term
| the theory that language acquisition follows the basic laws of reinforcement and conditioning |
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Definition
learning theory approach to language
(Skinner) |
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Term
| the theory that a genetically determined, innate mechanism directs language development |
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Definition
nativist approach to language
(Chomsky) |
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Term
| a type of speech directed toward infants; characterized by short simple sentences |
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Definition
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Term
| infant-directed speech as formally known as |
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Definition
| motherese because it was assumed that it applied only to mothers |
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