Term
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Definition
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Term
| Reference to self/ownership |
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Definition
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Term
| Realizes true/untrue distinction |
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Definition
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Term
| Ability to engage in perspective-taking |
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Definition
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Term
| Social description & comparison, and emergence of ideal vs. real self emerges in: |
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Definition
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Term
| Self-conscious feelings, contradicting & fluctuating self, and possible self emerges in: |
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Definition
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Term
| What is self-esteem most correlated to? |
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Definition
| Highly to perceived physical appearance, and mildly to scholastic performance. |
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Term
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Definition
| Extremes and inconsistencies in conception of self-esteem. |
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Term
| What is the correlation between self esteem and self-control. Positive or negative? |
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Definition
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Term
| Self regulation in children 1-1,5 years. |
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Definition
| Relies on caregiver to know if acceptable behavior. |
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Term
| Self regulation in children 2-3 years. |
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Definition
| Begins to comply with caregiver's expectations without monitoring. |
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Term
| Self-regulation in preschool children. |
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Definition
| Can give themselves rules to stay focused and clear of temptation. |
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Term
| Self regulation in adolescents. |
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Definition
| Emergence of introspection, higher cognitive skills, and independence. |
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Term
| Self regulation in older adults. SOC strategy? |
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Definition
| Perceived decline in control. Selective, Optimization, Compensation. |
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Term
| Primary vs Secondary control striving. |
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Definition
Primary=changing external world.
Secondary=changing inner world. |
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Term
| Erikson - Identity Crisis. |
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Definition
| Healthy state of identity exploration. |
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Term
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Definition
| Gap between childhood security and adult autonomy. |
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Term
| What are Marcia's identity statuses? |
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Definition
| Exploring alternative Identity vs. Making personal investment in Identity. |
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Term
| What is no crisis, no commitment status? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is no crisis, some commitment status? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is some crisis, some commitment status? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is some crisis, no commitment status? |
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Definition
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Term
| Four dimensions of familial influence? |
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Definition
| Individuality (self-assertion and seperatedness) vs. Connectedness (mututality-how much you feel for, and permeablity-how much you are open to). |
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Term
| Levinson's seasons of a man's life includes mid-life crisis. What is it? |
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Definition
| Attempt to cope with gap between past and future. |
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Term
| Which of Erikson's stages seem to map onto a mid-life crisis? |
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Definition
| Generativity vs. stagnation. |
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Term
| What is the cumulative personality model? |
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Definition
| People become more stable over time because they get better at entering stable environments. |
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Term
| What is the process by which children acquite thoughts, feelings, and behaviors appropriate for their gender? |
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Definition
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Term
| In which condition does a man look like a woman and is attracted to men? |
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Definition
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Term
| In which condition does a woman have too much androgen? |
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Definition
| Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia. |
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Term
| What theory says that development occurs out of observations, imitations, and rewards/punishments? |
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Definition
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Term
| What theory says that gender differences result from a children comparing and contrasting them? |
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Definition
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Term
| What theory claims that the child identifies with their same-sex parent to resolve their complexes towards opposite-sex one? |
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Definition
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Term
| What theory claims that gender typing emerges through schemas of gender-congruent behaviors? |
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Definition
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Term
| Do mean or woman engage in more Rapport talk? |
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Definition
| Women. Men engage in more Report talk. |
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Term
| When does the greatest amount of personality change take place? |
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Definition
| 20-40 years old according to longitudinal research. |
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Term
| Where are androgens created? |
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Definition
| In the testes and in the adrenal glands. |
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Term
| What percentage of rape victims suffer from subsequent dysfunction? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many cohabitation arrangements last less than a year? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many US teens acquire and STD annually? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a climacteric period? |
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Definition
| It is the period of the end of fertility. It includes menopause. |
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Term
| What is the highest risk of running a Hormone Replacement Therapy? |
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Definition
| Increased risk of heart attack. |
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Term
| What is the term denoting how people both affect and are affected by their environment? |
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Definition
| Reciprocal Socialization. It exists in five layers from micro to macro systems. |
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Term
| What theory suggests that children internalize their parents' moral standards as self-control replaces parental control. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two stages of Piaget's theory of childhood moral development. |
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Definition
| Heteronymous (4-7) and Autonymous thinking (10-onwards). Imminent Justice follows heteronymous thinking. |
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Term
| What are the two first stages of Kohlberg's Preconventional morality? |
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Definition
| Heteronymous thinking and exchange mentality. |
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Term
| What are the two stages of Kohlberg's Conventional morality? |
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Definition
| Conformity/expectation and social systems. |
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Term
| What are the two stages of Kohlberg's Postconventional morality? |
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Definition
| Social contract/individual rights and universal ethical principles. |
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Term
| What did Dewey name his call for a basic moral education including value clarification in schools? |
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Definition
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Term
| Altruism vs. Reciprocity? |
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Definition
| Altruism is unselfish (through empathy), reciprocity is out of social contract (through obligation). |
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Term
| What is a conduct disorder? |
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Definition
| Acting in age-inappropriate behaviors, or with attitudes violating norms or others' rights. |
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Term
| Unmarried cohabitation has skyrocketed since 1970's. How much? |
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Definition
1970s->11%
Now->70%
Have at some point cohabited. |
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Term
| Women divorce usually because of ... |
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Definition
| Spousal Abuse, Drug abuse, Cheating. |
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Term
| Men divorce usually because of ... |
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Definition
| Falling out of love, Cheating. |
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Term
| Do second marriages have better success rates than first? |
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Definition
| No, they actually have a lower success rate->same dysfunctional patterns. |
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Term
| What is Gottman's prescription for a healthy marriage? |
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Definition
| Deep friendship, mutual respect, forgiveness, commitment, and self-sacrifice. |
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Term
| Most couples divorce within how many years of marriage? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are Baumrind's four parenting styles? |
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Definition
| Authoritative, Authoritarian, Permissive/Indulgent, and Neglectful. |
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Term
| Who is most likely to commit child abuse? |
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Definition
| The parent (84%) of time. Cycle of abuse occurs about 25-30% of the time. |
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Term
| How much time do children spend with peers at age 2? |
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Definition
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Term
| How much time do children spend with peers at age 4? |
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Definition
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Term
| How much time do children spend with peers at age 7-11? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the most common reasons for bullying? |
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Definition
| Physical appearance, mannerisms, and sexual orientation. |
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Term
| How do young children see friends? |
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Definition
| As social and cognitive resources. |
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Term
| How are children and adults friend criteria similar? |
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Definition
| They are both based on seeking similarities to make friends. |
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Term
| How does Sullivan and Piaget describe peers' role in child development? |
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Definition
| They describe a system where peers shape each others development through reciprocal interactions. |
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Term
| What are the risks of early maturation or having older peers? |
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Definition
| Higher risk of juvenile delinquency. |
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Term
| Freud and Erikson's view on play? |
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Definition
| A way to release tension, and to master anxiety & conflict. |
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Term
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Definition
| Play is good for creative thought. |
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Term
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Definition
| Sensorimotor, practice/repetition, symbolic/make-believe, social, constructive, and games. |
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Term
| What is disengagement theory? |
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Definition
| The theory that older adults should gradually withdraw themselves from society to better cope with retirement. |
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Term
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Definition
| The theory that older adults should intensify activity and social involvement to be satisfied with older life. |
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Term
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Definition
| A social network surrounding a person makes them have higher life satisfaction. |
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Term
| Are poverty rates increasing or decreasing? |
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Definition
| It is increasing (15%-2012), and moving mostly along ethnic lines. |
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Term
| What is the poorest demographic? |
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Definition
| Single older black women are. |
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