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| continual progression from beginning of life to the end |
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| growth as occurring in identifiable stages each with distinct problems and characteristics |
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| variable can be changed "independently" of other factors; "cause" |
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| this variable "depends" on what happens to subjects in the experiment; "effect" |
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| studying the same individuals over a "long" period of time |
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| comparison of people at various ages |
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| combination of longitudinal and cross sectional design; starts with a cross sectional studies of individuals with different ages then after some time, the same individuals are tested again |
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| a mathematical statistic the indicates whether 2 variables are related to each other |
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| one variable changes in the same direction as another variable |
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| when 2 variables are inversely related; when one goes up the other goes down |
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| when change in one variable causes a change in another |
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| changes due to a subject's time of birth or generation but not actually to "age" |
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| interprets human behavior and development in terms of intrinsic drives and motives, many of which are unconscious |
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| a term used in operant conditioning to explain anything that "increases" a behavior |
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| a term used in operant conditioning to explain anything that "decreases" a behavior |
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| Zone of proximal development (ZPD) |
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Definition
| range of skills that can be used without assistance versus what can be obtained with help |
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Definition
| basic units of genetic instructions, which are segments of DNA molecules |
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| thread-like structures of DNA, there are 46 (23pairs) |
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| deoxyribonucleic acid, made of units called genes, double stranded helix held together by bases |
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| individuals with genetically controlled characteristics reproduce more successfully and the species comes to resemble those individuals more and more as time passes |
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| genetic characteristics, the sum total of all the genes a person inherits for any particular trait |
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| physical expression of genetic characteristics, actual expression of traits, observable in person physical appearance as well as behavior tendencies |
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| those traits produced by the combined action of more than one gene |
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| those traits influenced by many factors including the environment |
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| sum of contribution of the genes involved |
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| genes that control the trait |
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| genes are carried on the genotype but not expressed in phenotype` |
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| term used to describe the range of phenotypes for each genotype, suggesting environments restrictiveness or enrichment |
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| identical twins, genetically |
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| fraternal twins, diff genetically |
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| abnormality at 21st chromosome |
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| part of the X chromosome is attached by such a thin string of molecules that it seems about to break off |
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| body of cells arrive at uterus and burrow into uterine lining |
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| any substances or conditions that contribute to birth defects |
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| involuntary responses to particular stimuli, infants very 1st is motor skills |
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| a conscious or subconscious awareness of external or internal stimuli |
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| the interpretation of meaning of what we have sensed |
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| the ability of using both eyes to focus on an object |
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| the ability to associate information form one sensory modality with info from another |
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| the ability to use info from one sensory modality to imagine something in another |
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Definition
| baby talk, to teach the child the basic function and structure of language |
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Definition
| consistent ways in which the behavior of one person differs from that of others, to define a persons individuality and interaction within the environment |
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Definition
| consistent basic dispositions that are an inherent part of a person, which regulate how activity, reactivity, emotionality and sociability are expressed |
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Term
| Zone of proximal development (ZPD) |
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Definition
| the difference between what a child can do with help and what he or she can do without guidance |
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| children make simple repetitive motions with/without toys |
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| children use objects to create things |
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| children use imaginary situations with prearranged rules to play a game |
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| viewing the world solely from ones own personal perspective, prevalent in preschoolers |
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| awareness that objects exist even though they may not be in view |
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| parent style that is strict, little nurturance |
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| parent style makes no demands, no punishment, shows a lot of affection |
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| parent style listen to request, willing to compromise, shows affection and nurturing |
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| knowledge that objects can change but keep many original characteristics |
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| changes in objects can be reversed |
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| ability to consider more than one point of view |
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| combining objects into categories |
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| process of making an orderly arrangement |
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| changes in one dimension can be offset by changes in another |
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Definition
| learning disability where reading is difficult |
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| a learning disability where performing mathematical tasks is usually difficult |
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| thinking about ones thoughts |
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| the understanding of other people and groups |
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| freud psychosexual stage of development where drives are at rest and repressed and unconscious conflicts are submerged |
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| a focus on oneself and no one else |
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| teens believe to be immortal and nothing can happen to them, false sense of security |
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| teens believe their life is unique, heroic or mythical, destined for greatness, fame and fortune |
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| teens believe that people are constantly thinking aobut them, fantasize about how others react to their appearance and behavior |
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Definition
| extensive thoughts about commiting suicide |
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Term
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| a non successful suicide attempt, usually form of overdose, single occupant car crash, |
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| a person knows he/she is unique and has self definition that includes sexual, political, moral and vocational identity |
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Definition
| acceptance of parental values and goals without exploring alternatives |
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| confusion and uncertainty with regard to identity formation |
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| a pause in identity formation that allows teens to explore alternatives without making final decision |
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Definition
| decreased in efficiency in all the body systems gradually becoming less efficient |
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Definition
| state of equilibrium of the body as a result of body organ systems adjusting to internal and external stimuli |
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| the extra capacity that each organ has for the responding stressful events |
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| defined as the inability to conceive a child after 1year or more without conception |
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Definition
| extension of piagets stages of cognitive development, build on skills of formal operational thinking |
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Definition
| analyzes components of intelligence and examines its improvement or decline through childhood |
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| information processing approach |
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Definition
| studies encoding storage and retrieval of info and examines efficiency through adulthood |
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Term
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Definition
| understanding that ones own perspective is only one of many potentially valid views of reality and knowledge is not fixed or absolute |
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Definition
| a capacity to synthesize apparently conflicting ideas or views into a more coherent whole rather than compelled to choose between them |
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| most advanced form of cognition, constant integration of ones beliefs and experiences with all the contradictions and inconsistencies they encounter |
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Term
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Definition
| professional feels disillusioned and exhausted by demands of trying to help others |
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Definition
| factory worker feel distant form the actual product being produced or service being offered |
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| externals such as money and prestige characterized by a desire or tangible items |
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| rewards come within such as satisfaction |
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Definition
| capacity to learn new material short term memory abstract thought and speed of thinking |
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| crystallized intelligence |
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Definition
| accumulated knowledge, vocabulary, general info |
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Definition
| invisible barrier between individual and career advancement, especially woman and minorities |
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Definition
| women, number of sickened by disease |
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| men, number of deaths due to disease |
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| one year after womans last period, estrogen drastically drops |
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Term
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Definition
| phase proceeding menopause, last 6yrs, adjustment lowers estrogen, hot flashes/cold sweats, biological and physiological changes |
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Definition
| atoms that have unpaired electrons due to metabolic processes, these aid to cell damage |
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Definition
| an effect that as the immune system decreases and process of repair become less efficient, the errors become extensive and effect critically important cells that the body can no longer control or isolate the errors |
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Term
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Definition
| an effect that as the immune system decreases and process of repair become less efficient, the errors become extensive and effect critically important cells that the body can no longer control or isolate the errors |
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Term
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Definition
| its a cellular clock in which there are only a set number of times a cell can divide |
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Definition
| stores incoming sensory information for a split second after it is received, allowing it to be selectively processed by other components of the system |
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Definition
| the processing component through which your current, conscious mental activity occurs. the 2 functions of working memory are to store and process information |
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Definition
| consists of ones long term storehouse of information and memories, involves 2 components: secondary (long term)memory and tertiary (or remote)memory |
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Definition
| the final component of the human information processing system that functions in an executive role, regulating the analysis and flow of information within the system |
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Definition
| genetic disorder which affects motor and cognitive abilities |
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Definition
| lack of dopamine (neurotransmitter) which aids in smooth, coordinated movements, tremors, degeneration of neurons in an area to the brain |
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Definition
| autoimmune disorder which replace myelin sheaths of CNS with scarring |
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Definition
| atrophy of frontal and temporal lobes of brain results in personality and intellect changes |
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Definition
| impairment of short term memory, common in chronic alcoholism, mainly due to insufficient vitamin B1 |
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Definition
| people become more responsive to nature, and have higher appreciation of expressive and creative pursuits |
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Definition
| putting life into perspective, review of accomplishments and failures, help accept end of life by remembering the highs and lows of life |
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Definition
| late adulthood when the individual and society mutually withdraw from each other. occurs as work and family roles become less available or less important |
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Definition
| the less older people disengage the happier they are, the more active the elderly are and the more roles they play the greater their life satisfaction and the longer their life |
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Definition
| psychosocial theory that states that each person copes with late adulthood in much the same way coped with earlier periods of life |
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Definition
| process of adjusting to life without a loved one. usually lengthy process |
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Definition
| emotional response to bereavement. shock depression loneliness fatigue emptiness and numbness can accompany grief |
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| refeered to as all the ways of expressing grief of a loved one |
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| oldest most general theory of aging, we use our bodies, we wear them out |
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