Term
| When is a baby called a newborn |
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Definition
| In the first few hours of life |
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Term
| When is a baby called a neonate |
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Definition
| If the child is younger than 28 days |
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Term
| When is a baby called a infant |
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Definition
| From 28 days to 1 year of age |
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Term
| What is an infants vitals during the first 30 minutes of life |
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Definition
| 100-200 bpm, respiratory rate is 40-60 breaths/min, BP is 70 mm Hg systolic |
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Term
| What is the average vitals at 1 year of age |
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Definition
| 120 bpm, 25 breaths/min, BP is 90 systolic |
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Term
| The baby's head accounts for how much of their TBW (total body weight) |
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Definition
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Term
| In the first few days of life, the total body weight may decrease 5-10% because of what |
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Definition
| Excretion of extracellular fluid |
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Term
| What is the average weight gain of a baby per week |
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Definition
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Term
| What structures are unique to the baby |
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Definition
| ductus venosus(umbilical cord into the vena cava), ductus arteriosus(umbilical to the pulmonary artery), and foramen ovale(opening between the atria) |
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Term
| What causes these structures to close |
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Definition
| The increase in pressure on the left side of the heart and a decrease in pressure on the right side of the heart |
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Term
| What happens to the fluid in the baby's lungs during birth |
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Definition
| During delivery the thorax gets compressed, and the rest of the fluid gets absorbed via the lymphatic and pulmonary circulations. The first couple of strong breaths open the alveoli. |
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Term
| What is the principal support for the chest wall for newborns |
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Definition
| The majority of support comes from the muscles rather than the bones. |
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Term
| In the first month of life, how does the child breath |
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Definition
| The child breaths primarily through the nose |
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Term
| What does facial stimulation do to a baby |
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Definition
| Causes the baby to make sucking movements with the lips (sucking reflex)and also turn its head toward the stimulation (rooting reflex) |
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Term
| How long does the posterior fontanel and anterior fontanel (joints in the skull) remain open |
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Definition
| Until the child is about 3 months of age for the posterior and about 9-18 months for the anterior. |
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Term
| What are the only hard bones in an infant at birth |
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Definition
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Term
| IN infants how much muscle weight accounts for the entire musculoskeletal system. |
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Definition
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Term
| Explain the Babinski reflex |
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Definition
| Stroking the sole of the foot, you should see the toes spread outward and upward |
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Term
| Explain the Babkin reflex |
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Definition
| Pressing on the palms when the baby is lying supine, the infant will open its mouth and close its eyes |
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Term
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Definition
| A loud noise will cause the infant to stretch its arms and legs, spreads the fingers, and hugs self. |
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Term
| Explain the Palmar grasp reflex |
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Definition
| placing an object into the infants palm, will cause the infant to grasp the object |
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Term
| Explain the Rooting reflex |
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Definition
| Touching the infant's face, will cause the infant's lips to suck, and the infant's face will turn toward the stimulation. |
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Term
| Explain the stepping reflex |
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Definition
| Holding the infant upright with the feet touching the floor will cause the infant to make stepping movements |
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Term
| Explain the sucking reflex |
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Definition
| If the infants lips come in contact with a nipple the infants lips will pucker up and start sucking |
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Term
| Explain the tonic neck reflex |
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Definition
| When the infant is in supine position, the infant will turn its head and extends arms and legs on the side the the head is turned |
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Term
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Definition
| enough natural immunity from disease to protect them until they can make enough immunity on their own. |
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Term
| According to Erik Erikson, what is the most critical stage, which occurs in infancy at 1-1/2 yrs of age |
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Definition
| The trust versus mistrust stage. |
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Term
| The trust vs. mistrust stage is based on two things, what are they |
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Definition
| the infant's knowledge the the surroundings are safe and predictable and that the causes and effects can be anticipated. |
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Term
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Definition
| regularity of bodily functions, and low or moderate intensity of reaction. They accept new situations rather than withdrawing. About 40% of all children are easy children |
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Term
| Explain difficult children |
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Definition
| Irregular bodily functions, and intense reactions. They withdraw from new situations. 10% are difficult children |
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Term
| Explain slow to warm children |
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Definition
| low intensity of reaction and a somewhat negative mood. Slowly adjust to new situations. 15% are slow to warm children |
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Term
| Explain reciprocal socialization |
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Definition
| Early social interactions are the child's interactions with others and with the child's environment |
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Term
| What is the baby's development at 2 months of age |
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Definition
| the child can track objects with eyes, and will recognize familiar faces |
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Term
| What is the baby's development at 3 months |
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Definition
| The baby can move objects to mouth with it's hands |
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Term
| What is the baby's development at 4 months |
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Definition
| Drools without swallowing, reaches out to people |
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Term
| Whats the baby's development at 5 months |
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Definition
| Sleeps through the night w/o food, Gains weight to twice the birth weight, and Eruption of teeth may begin |
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Term
| Whats the baby's development at 6 months |
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Definition
| Sits upright in a chair, makes one syllable sounds |
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Term
| Whats the babys development at 7 months |
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Definition
| Fears strangers, quickly changes from crying to laughing |
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Term
| Whats the babys development at 8 months |
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Definition
| Responds to no, sits without assisstance |
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Term
| Whats the babys development at 9 months |
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Definition
| Responds to adult anger, pulls self to standing position, and Explores objects by sucking, chewing, and biting |
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Term
| Whats the babys development at 10 months |
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Definition
| recognizes own name, crawls well |
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Term
| Whats the babys development at 11 months |
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Definition
| attempts to walk unaided, shows frustrations at restrictions |
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Term
| Whats the babys development at 12 months |
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Definition
| walks with assistance, gains weight three times birth weight |
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Term
| What happens to a toddler's/preschooler's cardiovascular system that is advantageous |
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Definition
| Their capillary beds become better developed, therefore can better assist in thermoregulation |
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Term
| What are some social milestones of children 1-3 yrs of age |
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Definition
| combine two different words, complete some word phrases, follows directions, can point to a named part of the body, shows symbolic play when playing with toys, and can remove some clothing |
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Term
| What are some milestones of children 3-5 yrs of age |
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Definition
| can give first and last name, recognizes colors, speech is understandable to strangers, completes short sentences, knows name of friend, accepts temporary absence of primary caregiver, plays independently, increased level of confidence, shows sympathy at appropriate times, likes to hear and tell stories. |
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Term
| Describe a authoritarian parent and its effects on their children |
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Definition
| obedience is a virtue, child gets punished, the child does not have much freedom or independence. Children may have low motivation to achieve, shyness, and hostility, also a low self esteem. |
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Term
| Describe a authoritative parent and its effects on their children |
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Definition
| Rule must be followed, the child is given reasons for rules, the child is allowed to express a viewpoint, but parent has final say. Children tend to be responsible, assertive, self-reliant, and have high self-esteem |
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Term
| Describe a permissive parent and its effects on their children |
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Definition
| Children have alot of freedom, parent demands very little from their children. Children are not independent, cooperative, or assertive, are often discontented, distrustful, self-centered, and have a low self-esteem |
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Term
| How do parents treat the first born child compared to other siblings |
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Definition
| They are expected to show self-control and responsibility when interacting with younger children. Parents are more strict with the first born, more demanding, and less consistent. |
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Term
| What is a factor in which a child develops problem solving and cognitive skills |
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Definition
| playing with toys, other children, acting out fantasies |
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Term
| What two factors have a significant impact on the psychosocial development in a toddler and preschooler |
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Definition
| Divorce, and exposure to aggression or violence |
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Term
| What age is school aged children |
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Definition
| 6-12 years of age. Their vitals are 70-110 bpm, respiratory rate 20-30 breaths, and BP 80-120 systolic |
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Term
| How much of the skull's growth done by age 10 |
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Definition
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Term
| At what age does puberty hit the female |
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Definition
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Term
| What age does puberty hit the male |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the vitals for a child 13-19 |
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Definition
| HR 55-105, BP 100-120 systolic, res 12-20 breaths a min |
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Term
| What does progesterone affect in females |
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Definition
| breast development, and the menstrual cycle |
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Term
| What does estrogen affect in females |
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Definition
| development of secondary sex characteristics, fat in breasts, thighs, and buttocks, also growth of pubic hair |
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Term
| What does gonadotropin promote in males and females |
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Definition
| In males it promotes testosterone production, and in females it promotes progesterone and estrogen production |
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Term
| what is the psychosocial development of children 13-14 yrs |
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Definition
| Struggles w/ identity, Moody, close friendships, less attention to the parent, interest in style, ability to work, same sex friends, needs privacy, beats off, experiments with cigs, drugs, alcohol, and capacity for abstract thought |
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Term
| Whats the social development for 14-17 yr old |
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Definition
| self-involved, concern with self image, examines personal and inner experiences, channels sexual energy into creative activities, feelings of sexual love and passion, selects role models,and greater capacity for setting goals |
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Term
| whats the social development for 17-18 yr old |
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Definition
| secure personal identity, greater emotional stability, heightened sense of humor, pride in work, concern for others, concern for the future, sexual identity, interest in adult behavior, accepts social norms and cultural traditions, sets goals and follows through |
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Term
| Whats the span for early adult hood |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the average vitals for early adults |
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Definition
| HR 70 BP 120/80 mm Hg, Res. 16-20 breaths/min |
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Term
| Whats the social development in early adults |
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Definition
| selecting a mate, learning to live with marriage partner, raising children, managing a home, finding a congenial social group, adult leisure time activities, stable occupation, maintaining a economic standard of living |
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Term
| Whats the span for middle adulthood |
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Definition
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Term
| At what age does menopause hit women |
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Definition
| between the ages of 45-55 |
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Term
| What is the social developments in middle adulthood |
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Definition
| financial security, may feel pressure to meet life long goal, empty nest syndrome, mid-life crisis |
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Term
| What are some important goals for the middle adulthood group |
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Definition
| help their children be responsible and happy adults, accept and adjust to aging parents, accept physiological changes of middle age |
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Term
| Whats the span for late adulthood |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens to the the late adulthood body as it ages |
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Definition
| decrease in cardiac output, changes in skin texture and hair color, and the ability to metabolize carbohydrates becomes evident, all of the systems in the body start to slow down/break down. |
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Term
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Definition
| a decline in intelligence in later years, that may be caused by conscious or unconscious perception of death |
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