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Life Span Developmental Psychology
Week 4 Key Terms
453
Nursing
Undergraduate 1
09/05/2011

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Term

 

 

 

alcohol

Definition

 

an organic molecule with the functional group-OH

Term

 

 

 

Phenol

Definition
Term

 

 

 

aldehyde

Definition

 

an organic molecule with the functional group -C-OH=O

Term

 

 

 

sterilization

Definition

 

The removal of all microorganisms including endospores

Term

 

 

 

Penicillin

Definition

 

The first antibiotic discovered

Term

 

 

 

Fungi

Definition

 

Polymyxin B is used to treat

Term

 

 

 

antisepsis

Definition

 

a chemical method for disinfection of the skin or mucous membranes; the chemical is called an antiseptic

Term

 

 

 

asepsis

Definition

 

the absence of contamination by unwanted organisms

Term

 

 

 

Endospores

Definition

 

Clostridium are hard to eliminate because of these

Term

 

 

 

Erythromycin

Definition

 

Used as an alternative if allergic to penicillin

Term

 

 

 

autoclave

Definition

 

equipment for sterilization by steam under pressure, usually operated at 15 psi and 121 degrees

Term

 

 

 

Sulfanilamide

Definition

 

An antibiotic that inhibits folic acid synthesis

Term

 

 

 

bacteriostasis

Definition

 

a treatment capable of inhibiting bacterial growth

Term

 

 

 

germicide

Definition

 

a substance capable of killing microorganisms

Term

 

 

 

Tetracycline

Definition

 

Usually the antibiotic choice against Rickettsia.

Term

 

 

 

disinfection

Definition

 

any treatment used on inanimate objects to kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms; a chemical used is called a disinfectant

Term

 

 

 

Antiseptic

Definition

 

Used to remove microbes from tissues

Term

 

 

 

pasteurization

Definition

 

the process of mild heating to kill particular spoilage microorganisms or pathogens

Term

 

 

 

Bacteriostatic

Definition

 

Antimicrobial treatment that inhibits growth

Term

 

 

 

Ninety

Definition

 

Decimal reduction time is the time in minutes it takes to kill _____ o/o of a population at a given temperature.

Term

 

 

 

Pressure

Definition

 

Autoclaves use heat and _____ to sterilize

Term
alcohol
Definition
an organic molecule with the functional group-OH
Term
Phenol
Definition
Chemical first used by Lister
Term
aldehyde
Definition
an organic molecule with the functional group-C-OH=O
Term
sterilization
Definition
The removal of all microorganism including endospores
Term
Penicillin
Definition
The first antibiotic discovered
Term
Fungi
Definition
Polymyxin B is used to treat
Term
antisepsis
Definition
a chemical method for disinfection of the skin or mucous membranes, the chemical is called an antiseptic
Term
aspesis
Definition
the absence of contamination by unweanted organisms
Term
Endospores
Definition
Closridium are hard to eliminate because of these
Term
Erythromycin
Definition
used an an alternative if allergic to penicillin
Term
autoclave
Definition
equipment for sterilization by steam under pressure, usually operated at 15 psi abd 121 degrees
Term
Sulfanilamide
Definition
An antibiotic that inhibits folic acid synthesis
Term
bacteriostasis
Definition
a treatment capable oif inhibiting growth
Term
germicide
Definition
a substance oof killing microorganisms
Term
Tetracycline
Definition
Usually the antibiotic of choice against Rickettsia
Term
disinfection
Definition
any treatment used on inanimate objects to kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms; a chemical used as is called a disinfectant
Term
Antiseptic
Definition
Used to remove microbes from tissues
Term
pasteurization
Definition
the process of mild heating to kill particular spoilage microorganisms or pathogens
Term
Bacteriosatatic
Definition
Antimicrobial treatment that inhibits growth
Term
Ninety
Definition
Decimal reduction time is the time it takes to kill ____0/0 of a population at a given temperature.
Term
Pressure
Definition
Autoclaves use heat and _____ to sterilize.
Term
Senescence
Definition
decreases in efficiency in all the body systems gradually become less efficient
Term
Homeostasis
Definition
the state of equilibrium of the body as a result of body organ systems adjusting to internal/external stimuli
Term
Organ reserve
Definition
the extra capacity that each organ has for responding to stressful events
Term
Infertility
Definition
is defined as the inability to conceive a child after 1 year or more without contraception 
Term
Post  formal approach
Definition
extension of Piaget's stages of cognitive development; build on skills of formal operational thinking
Term
Psychometric approach
Definition
analyzes components of intelligence & examines its improvement or decline through adulthood
Term
Information processing approach
Definition
studies encoding, storage & retrieval of information & examines efficiency through adulthood
Term
Relativism
Definition
an understanding that one's own perspective is only one of many potentially valid views of reality and knowledge is not fixed or absolute
Term
Integration
Definition
a capacity to synthesize apparently conflicting ideas or views into a more coherent whole; rather than feeling compelled to choose between them
Term
Dialectical thinking
Definition
most advanced form of cognition; the constant integration of one's beliefs and experiences with all the contradications and inconsistencies they encounter
Term
Burn-out
Definition
professional feels disillusioned  and exhausted by demands of trying to help others (typically with people who equate success with external rewards)
Term
Alienation
Definition
factory or service workers feel distant from the actual product being produced or service being offered (lack of intrinsic satisfaction)
Term
Extrinsic rewards
Definition
"externals" such as money and prestige; characterized by a desire of tangible items
Term
Intrinsic rewards
Definition
rewards that come from "within" such as satisfaction and self-esteem
Term
Fluid intelligence
Definition
capacity to learn new material; short term memory, abstract thought and speed of thinking
Term
Crystallized intelligence
Definition
accumulated knowledge; vocabulary, general information, etc. 
Term
Glass ceiling
Definition
invisible barrier between the individual and career advancement; especially for women & minorities
Term
Morbidity
Definition
the number of persons sickened by specific diseases; higher in women
Term
Mortality
Definition
the number of deaths due to specific diseases; higher in men
Term
Menopause
Definition
one year after a women's last menstrual period; period stops, estrogen production drastically drops
Term
 Climacteric
Definition
the phase proceeding menopause; last about 6 years; adjustment to lower estrogen levels; hot flushes/cold sweats; involves many biological & physiological changes
Term
Causation
Definition
when change in one variable causes a change in another
Term
Cohort effect
Definition
changes due to a subject's time of birth or generation but not actually to "age"
Term
Continuity
Definition
continual progression from beginning of life to the end
Term
Correlation
Definition
a mathematical statistic that indicates whether 2 variables are related to each other
Term
Cross Sectional
Definition
comparison of people at various ages
Term
Cross Sequential
Definition
combination of longitudinal and cross sectional designs; starts with cross sectional studies of individuals with different ages then after some time, the same individuals are tested again
Term
Dependent variable
Definition
this variable "depends" on what happens to subjects in the experiment; "effect"
Term
Discontinuity
Definition
growth as occuring in identifable stages each with distinct problems & characteristics
Term
Independent variable
Definition
variable can be changed "independently" of other factors; "cause"
Term
Longitudinal
Definition
studying the same individuals over a "long" period of time
Term
Negative correlation
Definition
when 2 variables are inversely related; when one goes up the other goes down
Term
Positive correlation
Definition
one variable changes in the same direction as another variable changes
Term
Psychoanalytic Theory
Definition
interprets human behavior and development in terms of intrinsic drives and motives, many of which are unconscious
Term
Punishment
Definition
a term used in operant conditioning to explain to explain anything that "decreases" a behavior
Term
Reinforcement
Definition
a term used in operant conditioning to explain anything the "increases" a behavior
Term
Zone of proximal development (ZPD)
Definition
range of skills that can be used without assistance versus what can be obtained with help
Term
Genes
Definition
basic units of genetic instructions, which are segments of DNA molecules 
Term
Chromosome
Definition

thread -like structures of DNA; there are 46

(23 pairs)

Term
DNA
Definition
deoxyribonucleic acid; made of units called genes; double stranded helix held together by bases
Term
Natural Selection
Definition
individuals with genetically controlled characteristic reproduce more successfully and the species comes to resemble those individuals more and more as time passes
Term
Genotype
Definition
genetic characteristic; the sum total of all the genes a person inherits for any particular trait
Term
Phenotype
Definition
physical expression of genetic characteristics; actual expression of traits; observable in the person's physical appearance, as well ad behavior tendencies
Term
Polygenic traits
Definition
those traits produced by the combined action of more than one gene
Term
Multifactorial traits
Definition
those traits influenced by many factors including the environment
Term
Additive
Definition
sum of contribution of the genes involved
Term
Dominant genes
Definition
the genes that control the trait
Term
Recessive genes
Definition
the genes are carried on the genotype but not expressed in the phenotype
Term
Reaction range
Definition
is a term used to describe the range of phenotypes for each genotype, suggesting the enviroment's restrictiveness or enrichment
Term
Monozygotic twins
Definition
identical twins; identical genetically
Term
Dizygotic twins
Definition
fraternal twins; different genetically
Term
Down's Syndrome
Definition
most common chromosomal abnormality; it results from 3 chromosomes at sight 21
Term
Phenylketonuria (PKU)
Definition
abnormal protein digestion that is caused by recessive gene
Term
Fragile X syndrome
Definition
part of the4 X chromosome is attached by such a thin string of molecules that it seems about to break off
Term
Implantation
Definition
body of cells arrive at uterus and burrow into uterine lining
Term
Teratogens
Definition
any substance or conditions that contribute to birth defects
Term
Genes
Definition
basic units of genetic instructions, which are segments of DNA molecules
Term
Chromosome
Definition

thread-like structures of DNA; there are

46 (23 pairs)

Term
DNA
Definition
deoxyribonucleic acid, made of units called genes; double stranded helix held together by bases
Term
Natural selection
Definition
individuals with genetically controlled characterics reproduce more successfully and the species comes to resemble those individuals more and more as time passes
Term
Genotype
Definition
genetic characteristics; the sum total of all the genes a person inherits for any particular trait
Term
Phenotype
Definition
physical expression of genetic characteristics; actual expression of traits, observable in the person's physical appearance, as well as behavior tendencies
Term
Polygenic traits
Definition
those traits influenced produced by the action of more than one gene
Term
Multifocal traits
Definition
those traits influenced by many factors including the environment
Term
Additive
Definition
sum of contribution of the genes involved
Term
Dominant genes
Definition
the genes that control the trait
Term
Recessive genes
Definition
the genes are carried on the genotype but not expressed in the phenotype
Term
Reaction range
Definition
is a term used to describe the range of phenotypes for each genotype, suggesting the enviroment's restrictiveness or enrichment
Term
Mono-zygotic twins
Definition
identical twins, identical genetically
Term
Di-zygotic twins
Definition
fraternal twins; different genetically
Term
Down's Syndrome
Definition
most common chromosomal abnormality; it results from 3 chromosomes at sight 21
Term
Phenylketonuria (PKU)
Definition
abnormal protein digestion that is caused by recessive gene
Term
Fragile X syndrome
Definition
part of the X chromosome is attached by such a thin string of molecules that it seems about to break off
Term
Implantation
Definition
body of cells arrive at uterus and burrow into uterine lining
Term
Teratogens
Definition
any substance or conditions that contribute to birth defects
Term
Reflexes
Definition
involuntary responses to particular stimuli; infants very 1st motor skills
Term
Sensations
Definition
a conscious or subconscious awareness of external or internal stimuli
Term
Perception
Definition
the "interpretation" of meaning of what we have sensed
Term
Binocular vision
Definition
the ability of using "both" eyes to focus on an object
Term
Intermodal perception
Definition
the ability to associate information from one sensory modality with information from another
Term
Cross-modal perception
Definition
the ability to use info from one sensory modality to imagine something in another
Term
Motherese
Definition
"baby talk"; a name given to the restricted sort of language spoken by caregivers to their children to teach the child the basic function and structure of language
Term
Personality
Definition
consistent ways in which the behavior of one person differs from that of others; basis to define a person's individuality and interaction within the environment
Term
Temperament
Definition
consistent, basic dispositions that are an inherent part of a person, which regulate how activity, reactivity, emotionality and sociability are expressed
Term
Zone of proximal development (ZPD)
Definition
the difference between what a child can do with help and what he or she can do without guidance
Term
Functional play
Definition
Children make simple repoetive motions with/without toys
Term
Constructive play
Definition
Children use objects to create things
Term
Dramatic play
Definition
Children use imaginary situations with prearranged rules to play a game
Term
Egocentrism
Definition
viewing the world solely from one's personal perspective; prevalent in preschoolers
Term
Objective performance
Definition
awareness that objects exist even though they may not be in view
Term
Authoritarian
Definition
a parenting style that is strict, relies on punishment, and little nurturance
Term
Permissive
Definition
a parenting style that makes no demands, flexible guidelines, no punishment, and shows  lots of affection
Term
Authoritative
Definition
a parenting style that listens to  child's requests, willing to compromise, shows affection and nurturing
Term
Reflexes
Definition
involuntary responses to particular stimuli; infants very 1st motor skills
Term
Sensations
Definition
a conscious or subconscious awareness of external or internal stimuli
Term
Perception
Definition
the "interpretation" of meaning of what we have sensed
Term
Binocular vision
Definition
the ability of using "both" eyes to focus on an object
Term
Intermodal perception
Definition
the ability to associate information from one sensory modality with information from another
Term
Cross-modal perception
Definition
the ability to use info from one sensory modality to imagine something in another
Term
Motherese
Definition
"baby talk"; a name given to the restricted sort of language spoken by caregivers to their children to teach the child the basic function and structure of language
Term
Personality
Definition
consistent ways in which the behavior of one person differs from that of others; basis to define a person's individuality and interaction within the environment
Term
Temperament
Definition
consistent, basic dispositions that are an inherent part of a person, which regulate how activity, reactivity, emotionality and sociability are expressed
Term
Zone of proximal development (ZPD)
Definition
the difference between what a child can do with help and what he or she can do without guidance
Term
Functional play
Definition
Children make simple repoetive motions with/without toys
Term
Constructive play
Definition
Children use objects to create things
Term
Dramatic play
Definition
Children use imaginary situations with prearranged rules to play a game
Term
Egocentrism
Definition
viewing the world solely from one's personal perspective; prevalent in preschoolers
Term
Objective performance
Definition
awareness that objects exist even though they may not be in view
Term
Authoritarian
Definition
a parenting style that is strict, relies on punishment, and little nurturance
Term
Permissive
Definition
a parenting style that makes no demands, flexible guidelines, no punishment, and shows  lots of affection
Term
Authoritative
Definition
a parenting style that listens to  child's requests, willing to compromise, shows affection and nurturing
Term
Reflexes
Definition
involuntary responses to particular stimuli; infants very 1st motor skills
Term
Sensations
Definition
a conscious or subconscious awareness of external or internal stimuli
Term
Perception
Definition
the "interpretation" of meaning of what we have sensed
Term
Binocular vision
Definition
the ability of using "both" eyes to focus on an object
Term
Intermodal perception
Definition
the ability to associate information from one sensory modality with information from another
Term
Cross-modal perception
Definition
the ability to use info from one sensory modality to imagine something in another
Term
Motherese
Definition
"baby talk"; a name given to the restricted sort of language spoken by caregivers to their children to teach the child the basic function and structure of language
Term
Personality
Definition
consistent ways in which the behavior of one person differs from that of others; basis to define a person's individuality and interaction within the environment
Term
Temperament
Definition
consistent, basic dispositions that are an inherent part of a person, which regulate how activity, reactivity, emotionality and sociability are expressed
Term
Zone of proximal development (ZPD)
Definition
the difference between what a child can do with help and what he or she can do without guidance
Term
Functional play
Definition
Children make simple repoetive motions with/without toys
Term
Constructive play
Definition
Children use objects to create things
Term
Dramatic play
Definition
Children use imaginary situations with prearranged rules to play a game
Term
Egocentrism
Definition
viewing the world solely from one's personal perspective; prevalent in preschoolers
Term
Objective performance
Definition
awareness that objects exist even though they may not be in view
Term
Authoritarian
Definition
a parenting style that is strict, relies on punishment, and little nurturance
Term
Permissive
Definition
a parenting style that makes no demands, flexible guidelines, no punishment, and shows  lots of affection
Term
Authoritative
Definition
a parenting style that listens to  child's requests, willing to compromise, shows affection and nurturing
Term
Reflexes
Definition
involuntary responses to particular stimuli; infants very 1st motor skills
Term
Sensations
Definition
a conscious or subconscious awareness of external or internal stimuli
Term
Perception
Definition
the "interpretation" of meaning of what we have sensed
Term
Binocular vision
Definition
the ability of using "both" eyes to focus on an object
Term
Inter-modal perception
Definition
the ability to associate information from one sensory modality with information from another
Term
Cross-modal perception
Definition
the ability to use info from one sensory modality to imagine something in another
Term
Motherese
Definition
"baby talk"; a name given to the restricted sort of language spoken by caregivers to their children to teach the child the basic function and structure of language
Term
Personality
Definition
consistent ways in which the behavior of one person differs from that of others; basis to define a person's individuality and interaction within the environment
Term
Temperament
Definition
consistent, basic dispositions that are an inherent part of a person, which regulate how activity, reactivity, emotionality and sociability are expressed
Term
Zone of proximal development (ZPD)
Definition
the difference between what a child can do with help and what he or she can do without guidance
Term
Functional play
Definition
Children make simple repetitive motions with/without toys
Term
Constructive play
Definition
Children use objects to create things
Term
Dramatic play
Definition
Children use imaginary situations with prearranged rules to play a game
Term
Ego-centrism
Definition
viewing the world solely from one's personal perspective; prevalent in preschoolers
Term
Objective performance
Definition
awareness that objects exist even though they may not be in view
Term
Authoritarian
Definition
a parenting style that is strict, relies on punishment, and little nurturance
Term
Permissive
Definition
a parenting style that makes no demands, flexible guidelines, no punishment, and shows  lots of affection
Term
Authoritative
Definition
a parenting style that listens to  child's requests, willing to compromise, shows affection and nurturing
Term
Reflexes
Definition
involuntary responses to particular stimuli; infants very 1st motor skills
Term
Sensations
Definition
a conscious or subconscious awareness of external or internal stimuli
Term
Perception
Definition
the "interpretation" of meaning of what we have sensed
Term
Binocular vision
Definition
the ability of using "both" eyes to focus on an object
Term
Inter-modal perception
Definition
the ability to associate information from one sensory modality with information from another
Term
Cross-modal perception
Definition
the ability to use info from one sensory modality to imagine something in another
Term
Motherese
Definition
"baby talk"; a name given to the restricted sort of language spoken by caregivers to their children to teach the child the basic function and structure of language
Term
Personality
Definition
consistent ways in which the behavior of one person differs from that of others; basis to define a person's individuality and interaction within the environment
Term
Temperament
Definition
consistent, basic dispositions that are an inherent part of a person, which regulate how activity, reactivity, emotionality and sociability are expressed
Term
Zone of proximal development (ZPD)
Definition
the difference between what a child can do with help and what he or she can do without guidance
Term
Functional play
Definition
Children make simple repetitive motions with/without toys
Term
Constructive play
Definition
Children use objects to create things
Term
Dramatic play
Definition
Children use imaginary situations with prearranged rules to play a game
Term
Ego-centrism
Definition
viewing the world solely from one's personal perspective; prevalent in preschoolers
Term
Objective performance
Definition
awareness that objects exist even though they may not be in view
Term
Authoritarian
Definition
a parenting style that is strict, relies on punishment, and little nurturance
Term
Permissive
Definition
a parenting style that makes no demands, flexible guidelines, no punishment, and shows  lots of affection
Term
Authoritative
Definition
a parenting style that listens to  child's requests, willing to compromise, shows affection and nurturing
Term
Reflexes
Definition
involuntary responses to particular stimuli; infants very 1st motor skills
Term
Sensations
Definition
a conscious or subconscious awareness of external or internal stimuli
Term
Perception
Definition
the "interpretation" of meaning of what we have sensed
Term
Binocular vision
Definition
the ability of using "both" eyes to focus on an object
Term
Inter-modal perception
Definition
the ability to associate information from one sensory modality with information from another
Term
Cross-modal perception
Definition
the ability to use info from one sensory modality to imagine something in another
Term
Motherese
Definition
"baby talk"; a name given to the restricted sort of language spoken by caregivers to their children to teach the child the basic function and structure of language
Term
Personality
Definition
consistent ways in which the behavior of one person differs from that of others; basis to define a person's individuality and interaction within the environment
Term
Temperament
Definition
consistent, basic dispositions that are an inherent part of a person, which regulate how activity, reactivity, emotionality and sociability are expressed
Term
Zone of proximal development (ZPD)
Definition
the difference between what a child can do with help and what he or she can do without guidance
Term
Functional play
Definition
Children make simple repetitive motions with/without toys
Term
Constructive play
Definition
Children use objects to create things
Term
Dramatic play
Definition
Children use imaginary situations with prearranged rules to play a game
Term
Ego-centrism
Definition
viewing the world solely from one's personal perspective; prevalent in preschoolers
Term
Objective performance
Definition
awareness that objects exist even though they may not be in view
Term
Authoritarian
Definition
a parenting style that is strict, relies on punishment, and little nurturance
Term
Permissive
Definition
a parenting style that makes no demands, flexible guidelines, no punishment, and shows  lots of affection
Term
Authoritative
Definition
a parenting style that listens to  child's requests, willing to compromise, shows affection and nurturing
Term
Reflexes
Definition
involuntary responses to particular stimuli; infants very 1st motor skills
Term
Sensations
Definition
a conscious or subconscious awareness of external or internal stimuli
Term
Perception
Definition
the "interpretation" of meaning of what we have sensed
Term
Binocular vision
Definition
the ability of using "both" eyes to focus on an object
Term
Inter-modal perception
Definition
the ability to associate information from one sensory modality with information from another
Term
Cross-modal perception
Definition
the ability to use info from one sensory modality to imagine something in another
Term
Motherese
Definition
"baby talk"; a name given to the restricted sort of language spoken by caregivers to their children to teach the child the basic function and structure of language
Term
Personality
Definition
consistent ways in which the behavior of one person differs from that of others; basis to define a person's individuality and interaction within the environment
Term
Temperament
Definition
consistent, basic dispositions that are an inherent part of a person, which regulate how activity, reactivity, emotionality and sociability are expressed
Term
Zone of proximal development (ZPD)
Definition
the difference between what a child can do with help and what he or she can do without guidance
Term
Functional play
Definition
Children make simple repetitive motions with/without toys
Term
Constructive play
Definition
Children use objects to create things
Term
Dramatic play
Definition
Children use imaginary situations with prearranged rules to play a game
Term
Ego-centrism
Definition
viewing the world solely from one's personal perspective; prevalent in preschoolers
Term
Objective performance
Definition
awareness that objects exist even though they may not be in view
Term
Authoritarian
Definition
a parenting style that is strict, relies on punishment, and little nurturance
Term
Permissive
Definition
a parenting style that makes no demands, flexible guidelines, no punishment, and shows  lots of affection
Term
Authoritative
Definition
a parenting style that listens to  child's requests, willing to compromise, shows affection and nurturing
Term
Conservation
Definition
knowledge that objects can change but keep many original characteristics
Term
Reversibility
Definition
changes in objects can be reserved
Term
Reciprocity
Definition
ability to consider more than one point of view 
Term
Classification
Definition
combining objects into categories
Term
Seriation
Definition
process of making an orderly arrangement
Term
Compensation
Definition
changes in one dimension can be offset by changes in another
Term
Dyslexia
Definition
a learning disability where reading is usually difficult
Term
Dyscalcula
Definition
a learning disability where performing mathematical tasks is usually difficult
Term
Metacognition
Definition
thinking about one's thoughts
Term
Social cognition
Definition
the understanding of other people and groups
Term
Latency Stage
Definition
Freud's psycho sexual stage of development where drives are at rest & repressed, and unconscious conflicts are submerged
Term
Adolescent egocentrism
Definition
a focus on oneself and no one else
Term
Invincibility fable
Definition
teens believe to be immortal & nothing bad can happen to them; false sense of security
Term
Personal fable
Definition
teens believe their life is unique, heroic or mythical, "destined for greatness", fame/fortune
Term
Imaginary audience
Definition
teens believe that people are constantly thinking about them. They fantasize about how others react to their appearance and behavior.
Term
Suicide ideation
Definition
extensive thoughts about committing suicide
Term
Foreclosure
Definition
acceptance of parental values and goals without exploring alternatives
Term
Para suicide
Definition
a non successful suicide attempt usually in the form of overdose, single occupant car crash, etc.
Term
Identity achievement
Definition
a person knows he/she is unique and has a self-definition that includes sexual, political, moral, and vocational identity
Term
Identity  diffusion
Definition
confusion and uncertainty with regard to identity formation
Term
Moratorium
Definition
a pause in identity formation that allows teens to explore alternatives without making a final decision
Term
Conservation
Definition
knowledge that objects can change but keep many original characteristics
Term
Reversibility
Definition
changes in objects can be reserved
Term
Reciprocity
Definition
ability to consider more than one point of view 
Term
Classification
Definition
combining objects into categories
Term
Seriation
Definition
process of making an orderly arrangement
Term
Compensation
Definition
changes in one dimension can be offset by changes in another
Term
Dyslexia
Definition
a learning disability where reading is usually difficult
Term
Dyscalcula
Definition
a learning disability where performing mathematical tasks is usually difficult
Term
Metacognition
Definition
thinking about one's thoughts
Term
Social cognition
Definition
the understanding of other people and groups
Term
Latency Stage
Definition
Freud's psycho sexual stage of development where drives are at rest & repressed, and unconscious conflicts are submerged
Term
Adolescent egocentrism
Definition
a focus on oneself and no one else
Term
Invincibility fable
Definition
teens believe to be immortal & nothing bad can happen to them; false sense of security
Term
Personal fable
Definition
teens believe their life is unique, heroic or mythical, "destined for greatness", fame/fortune
Term
Imaginary audience
Definition
teens believe that people are constantly thinking about them. They fantasize about how others react to their appearance and behavior.
Term
Suicide ideation
Definition
extensive thoughts about committing suicide
Term
Foreclosure
Definition
acceptance of parental values and goals without exploring alternatives
Term
Para suicide
Definition
a non successful suicide attempt usually in the form of overdose, single occupant car crash, etc.
Term
Identity achievement
Definition
a person knows he/she is unique and has a self-definition that includes sexual, political, moral, and vocational identity
Term
Identity  diffusion
Definition
confusion and uncertainty with regard to identity formation
Term
Moratorium
Definition
a pause in identity formation that allows teens to explore alternatives without making a final decision
Term
Conservation
Definition
knowledge that objects can change but keep many original characteristics
Term
Reversibility
Definition
changes in objects can be reserved
Term
Reciprocity
Definition
ability to consider more than one point of view 
Term
Classification
Definition
combining objects into categories
Term
Seriation
Definition
process of making an orderly arrangement
Term
Compensation
Definition
changes in one dimension can be offset by changes in another
Term
Dyslexia
Definition
a learning disability where reading is usually difficult
Term
Dyscalcula
Definition
a learning disability where performing mathematical tasks is usually difficult
Term
Metacognition
Definition
thinking about one's thoughts
Term
Social cognition
Definition
the understanding of other people and groups
Term
Latency Stage
Definition
Freud's psycho sexual stage of development where drives are at rest & repressed, and unconscious conflicts are submerged
Term
Adolescent egocentrism
Definition
a focus on oneself and no one else
Term
Invincibility fable
Definition
teens believe to be immortal & nothing bad can happen to them; false sense of security
Term
Personal fable
Definition
teens believe their life is unique, heroic or mythical, "destined for greatness", fame/fortune
Term
Imaginary audience
Definition
teens believe that people are constantly thinking about them. They fantasize about how others react to their appearance and behavior.
Term
Suicide ideation
Definition
extensive thoughts about committing suicide
Term
Foreclosure
Definition
acceptance of parental values and goals without exploring alternatives
Term
Para suicide
Definition
a non successful suicide attempt usually in the form of overdose, single occupant car crash, etc.
Term
Identity achievement
Definition
a person knows he/she is unique and has a self-definition that includes sexual, political, moral, and vocational identity
Term
Identity  diffusion
Definition
confusion and uncertainty with regard to identity formation
Term
Moratorium
Definition
a pause in identity formation that allows teens to explore alternatives without making a final decision
Term
Conservation
Definition
knowledge that objects can change but keep many original characteristics
Term
Reversibility
Definition
changes in objects can be reserved
Term
Reciprocity
Definition
ability to consider more than one point of view 
Term
Classification
Definition
combining objects into categories
Term
Seriation
Definition
process of making an orderly arrangement
Term
Compensation
Definition
changes in one dimension can be offset by changes in another
Term
Dyslexia
Definition
a learning disability where reading is usually difficult
Term
Dyscalcula
Definition
a learning disability where performing mathematical tasks is usually difficult
Term
Metacognition
Definition
thinking about one's thoughts
Term
Social cognition
Definition
the understanding of other people and groups
Term
Latency Stage
Definition
Freud's psycho sexual stage of development where drives are at rest & repressed, and unconscious conflicts are submerged
Term
Adolescent egocentrism
Definition
a focus on oneself and no one else
Term
Invincibility fable
Definition
teens believe to be immortal & nothing bad can happen to them; false sense of security
Term
Personal fable
Definition
teens believe their life is unique, heroic or mythical, "destined for greatness", fame/fortune
Term
Imaginary audience
Definition
teens believe that people are constantly thinking about them. They fantasize about how others react to their appearance and behavior.
Term
Suicide ideation
Definition
extensive thoughts about committing suicide
Term
Foreclosure
Definition
acceptance of parental values and goals without exploring alternatives
Term
Para suicide
Definition
a non successful suicide attempt usually in the form of overdose, single occupant car crash, etc.
Term
Identity achievement
Definition
a person knows he/she is unique and has a self-definition that includes sexual, political, moral, and vocational identity
Term
Identity  diffusion
Definition
confusion and uncertainty with regard to identity formation
Term
Moratorium
Definition
a pause in identity formation that allows teens to explore alternatives without making a final decision
Term
Conservation
Definition
knowledge that objects can change but keep many original characteristics
Term
Reversibility
Definition
changes in objects can be reserved
Term
Reciprocity
Definition
ability to consider more than one point of view 
Term
Classification
Definition
combining objects into categories
Term
Seriation
Definition
process of making an orderly arrangement
Term
Compensation
Definition
changes in one dimension can be offset by changes in another
Term
Dyslexia
Definition
a learning disability where reading is usually difficult
Term
Dyscalcula
Definition
a learning disability where performing mathematical tasks is usually difficult
Term
Metacognition
Definition
thinking about one's thoughts
Term
Social cognition
Definition
the understanding of other people and groups
Term
Latency Stage
Definition
Freud's psycho sexual stage of development where drives are at rest & repressed, and unconscious conflicts are submerged
Term
Adolescent egocentrism
Definition
a focus on oneself and no one else
Term
Invincibility fable
Definition
teens believe to be immortal & nothing bad can happen to them; false sense of security
Term
Personal fable
Definition
teens believe their life is unique, heroic or mythical, "destined for greatness", fame/fortune
Term
Imaginary audience
Definition
teens believe that people are constantly thinking about them. They fantasize about how others react to their appearance and behavior.
Term
Suicide ideation
Definition
extensive thoughts about committing suicide
Term
Foreclosure
Definition
acceptance of parental values and goals without exploring alternatives
Term
Para suicide
Definition
a non successful suicide attempt usually in the form of overdose, single occupant car crash, etc.
Term
Identity achievement
Definition
a person knows he/she is unique and has a self-definition that includes sexual, political, moral, and vocational identity
Term
Identity  diffusion
Definition
confusion and uncertainty with regard to identity formation
Term
Moratorium
Definition
a pause in identity formation that allows teens to explore alternatives without making a final decision
Term
Senescence
Definition
decreases in efficiency in all the body systems gradually become less efficient
Term
Homeostasis
Definition
the state of equilibrium of the body as a result of body organ systems adjusting to internal/external stimuli
Term
Infertility
Definition
is defined as the inability to conceive a child after 1 year or more without contraception
Term
Post formal approach
Definition
extension of Piaget's stages of cognitive development, build on skills of formal operational thinking
Term
Psychometric approach
Definition
analyzes components of intelligence & examines its improvement or decline through adulthood
Term
Information processing approach
Definition
studies encoding, storage & retrieval of information & examines efficiency through adulthood
Term
Relativism
Definition
an understanding that one's own perspective is only one of many potentially valid views of reality and knowledge is not fixed or absolute
Term
Integration
Definition
a capacity to synthesize apparently conflicting ideas or views into a more coherent whole, rather than feeling completed to choose between them
Term
Dialectical thinking
Definition
most advanced form of cognition; the constant integration of one's beliefs and experiences with all the contradictions and inconsistencies they encounter
Term
Burn-out
Definition
professional feels disillusioned and exhausted by demands of trying to help others (typical with people who equals success with external rewards)
Term
Alienation
Definition
factory or service workers feel distant from the actual product being produced or service being offered (lack of intrinsic satisfaction)
Term
Extrinsic rewards
Definition
"externals" such as money and prestige, characterized by a desire of tangible items
Term
Intrinsic rewards
Definition
rewards that come from "within" such as satisfaction and self-esteem
Term
Fluid intelligence
Definition
capacity to learn new material; short term memory, abstract thought and speed of thinking
Term
Crystallized intelligence
Definition
accumulated knowledge; vocabulary, general information, etc.
Term
Glass ceiling
Definition
invisible barrier between the individual and career advancement; especially for women & minorities
Term
Morbidity
Definition
the number of persons sickened by specific diseases; higher rate in women
Term
Mortality
Definition
the number of deaths due to specific diseases; higher rate in men
Term
Menopause
Definition
one year after a woman's lasts menstrual period; period stops, estrogen production drastically drops
Term
Climacteric
Definition
the phase preceding menopause; last about 6 years; adjustment to lower estrogen levels; hot flashes/cold sweats; involves many biological & physiological changes
Term
Organ reserve
Definition
the extra capacity that each organ has for responding to stressful events
Term
Senescence
Definition
decreases in efficiency in all the body systems gradually become less efficient
Term
Homeostasis
Definition
the state of equilibrium of the body as a result of body organ systems adjusting to internal/external stimuli
Term
Infertility
Definition
is defined as the inability to conceive a child after 1 year or more without contraception
Term
Post formal approach
Definition
extension of Piaget's stages of cognitive development, build on skills of formal operational thinking
Term
Psychometric approach
Definition
analyzes components of intelligence & examines its improvement or decline through adulthood
Term
Information processing approach
Definition
studies encoding, storage & retrieval of information & examines efficiency through adulthood
Term
Relativism
Definition
an understanding that one's own perspective is only one of many potentially valid views of reality and knowledge is not fixed or absolute
Term
Integration
Definition
a capacity to synthesize apparently conflicting ideas or views into a more coherent whole, rather than feeling completed to choose between them
Term
Dialectical thinking
Definition
most advanced form of cognition; the constant integration of one's beliefs and experiences with all the contradictions and inconsistencies they encounter
Term
Burn-out
Definition
professional feels disillusioned and exhausted by demands of trying to help others (typical with people who equals success with external rewards)
Term
Alienation
Definition
factory or service workers feel distant from the actual product being produced or service being offered (lack of intrinsic satisfaction)
Term
Extrinsic rewards
Definition
"externals" such as money and prestige, characterized by a desire of tangible items
Term
Intrinsic rewards
Definition
rewards that come from "within" such as satisfaction and self-esteem
Term
Fluid intelligence
Definition
capacity to learn new material; short term memory, abstract thought and speed of thinking
Term
Crystallized intelligence
Definition
accumulated knowledge; vocabulary, general information, etc.
Term
Glass ceiling
Definition
invisible barrier between the individual and career advancement; especially for women & minorities
Term
Morbidity
Definition
the number of persons sickened by specific diseases; higher rate in women
Term
Mortality
Definition
the number of deaths due to specific diseases; higher rate in men
Term
Menopause
Definition
one year after a woman's lasts menstrual period; period stops, estrogen production drastically drops
Term
Climacteric
Definition
the phase preceding menopause; last about 6 years; adjustment to lower estrogen levels; hot flashes/cold sweats; involves many biological & physiological changes
Term
Organ reserve
Definition
the extra capacity that each organ has for responding to stressful events
Term
Senescence
Definition
decreases in efficiency in all the body systems gradually become less efficient
Term
Homeostasis
Definition
the state of equilibrium of the body as a result of body organ systems adjusting to internal/external stimuli
Term
Organ reserve
Definition
the extra capacity that each organ has for responding to stressful events
Term
Infertility
Definition
is defined as the inability to conceive a child after 1 year or more without contraception 
Term
Post  formal approach
Definition
extension of Piaget's stages of cognitive development; build on skills of formal operational thinking
Term
Psychometric approach
Definition
analyzes components of intelligence & examines its improvement or decline through adulthood
Term
Information processing approach
Definition
studies encoding, storage & retrieval of information & examines efficiency through adulthood
Term
Relativism
Definition
an understanding that one's own perspective is only one of many potentially valid views of reality and knowledge is not fixed or absolute
Term
Integration
Definition
a capacity to synthesize apparently conflicting ideas or views into a more coherent whole; rather than feeling compelled to choose between them
Term
Dialectical thinking
Definition
most advanced form of cognition; the constant integration of one's beliefs and experiences with all the contradications and inconsistencies they encounter
Term
Burn-out
Definition
professional feels disillusioned  and exhausted by demands of trying to help others (typically with people who equate success with external rewards)
Term
Alienation
Definition
factory or service workers feel distant from the actual product being produced or service being offered (lack of intrinsic satisfaction)
Term
Extrinsic rewards
Definition
"externals" such as money and prestige; characterized by a desire of tangible items
Term
Intrinsic rewards
Definition
rewards that come from "within" such as satisfaction and self-esteem
Term
Fluid intelligence
Definition
capacity to learn new material; short term memory, abstract thought and speed of thinking
Term
Crystallized intelligence
Definition
accumulated knowledge; vocabulary, general information, etc. 
Term
Glass ceiling
Definition
invisible barrier between the individual and career advancement; especially for women & minorities
Term
Morbidity
Definition
the number of persons sickened by specific diseases; higher in women
Term
Mortality
Definition
the number of deaths due to specific diseases; higher in men
Term
 Climacteric
Definition
the phase proceeding menopause; last about 6 years; adjustment to lower estrogen levels; hot flushes/cold sweats; involves many biological & physiological changes
Term
Senescence
Definition
decreases in efficiency in all the body systems gradually become less efficient
Term
Homeostasis
Definition
the state of equilibrium of the body as a result of body organ systems adjusting to internal/external stimuli
Term
Organ reserve
Definition
the extra capacity that each organ has for responding to stressful events
Term
Infertility
Definition
is defined as the inability to conceive a child after 1 year or more without contraception 
Term
Post  formal approach
Definition
extension of Piaget's stages of cognitive development; build on skills of formal operational thinking
Term
Psychometric approach
Definition
analyzes components of intelligence & examines its improvement or decline through adulthood
Term
Information processing approach
Definition
studies encoding, storage & retrieval of information & examines efficiency through adulthood
Term
Relativism
Definition
an understanding that one's own perspective is only one of many potentially valid views of reality and knowledge is not fixed or absolute
Term
Integration
Definition
a capacity to synthesize apparently conflicting ideas or views into a more coherent whole; rather than feeling compelled to choose between them
Term
Dialectical thinking
Definition
most advanced form of cognition; the constant integration of one's beliefs and experiences with all the contradications and inconsistencies they encounter
Term
Burn-out
Definition
professional feels disillusioned  and exhausted by demands of trying to help others (typically with people who equate success with external rewards)
Term
Alienation
Definition
factory or service workers feel distant from the actual product being produced or service being offered (lack of intrinsic satisfaction)
Term
Extrinsic rewards
Definition
"externals" such as money and prestige; characterized by a desire of tangible items
Term
Intrinsic rewards
Definition
rewards that come from "within" such as satisfaction and self-esteem
Term
Fluid intelligence
Definition
capacity to learn new material; short term memory, abstract thought and speed of thinking
Term
Crystallized intelligence
Definition
accumulated knowledge; vocabulary, general information, etc. 
Term
Glass ceiling
Definition
invisible barrier between the individual and career advancement; especially for women & minorities
Term
Morbidity
Definition
the number of persons sickened by specific diseases; higher in women
Term
Mortality
Definition
the number of deaths due to specific diseases; higher in men
Term
Menopause
Definition
one year after a women's last menstrual period; period stops, estrogen production drastically drops
Term
 Climacteric
Definition
the phase proceeding menopause; last about 6 years; adjustment to lower estrogen levels; hot flushes/cold sweats; involves many biological & physiological changes
Term

 

 

Microbiology

Definition
Term

 

 

Aerobe

Definition

 

an organism requiring molecular oxygen (O2) for growth

Term

 

 

Anabolism

 

Definition

 

 

all synthesis reactions in a living organism; the building of complex organic molecules from simpler one

Term

 

Catalyst

Definition

 

a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction but is not altered itself

Term

 

Calvin-Benson cycle

Definition

 

the fixation of CO2 into reduced organic compounds; used by autotrophs

Term

 

 

Co-factor

Definition
  1. The nonprotien component of an enzyme; and
  2. A microorganism or molecule that acts with others to synergistically enhance or cause disease
Term

 

Coenzyme

Definition

 

a nonprotein substance that is associated with and that activates an enzyme

Term

 

Krebs cycle

Definition

 

a pathway that convents two-carbon compounds to CO2 transferring electrons to NAD1 and other carriers; also called tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or critic acid cycle

Term

 

Enzyme

Definition

 

a molecule that catalyzes biochemical in a living organism, usually a protein

Term

 

Acidophile

Definition

 

 

a bacterium that grows below pH 4

Term


 

Budding

Definition
  1. Asexual reproduction beginning as a protuberance from the parent cell that grows to become a daughter cell, and
  2. Release of an envelope virus through the plasma membrane of an animal cell

 

Term

 

 

Agar

Definition

 

a complex polysaccharide derived from a marine alga and used as a solidifying agent in a culture media

Term

 

 

Culture

Definition

 

 

microorganisms that grow and multiple in a container of culture medium

Term

 

 

Death phase

Definition

 

 

the period of logarithmic decrease in a bacterial population; also called logarithmic decline phase

Term

 

 

Filtration

Definition

 

 

the passage of a liquid or gas through a screen like material; a 0.45-um filter removes most bacteria

 

Term

 

 

Generation time

Definition

 

 

the time required for a cell or population to double in number

Term

 

 

Lag phase

Definition

 

 

the time interval in a bacteria growth growth curve during which there is no growth

Term

 

 

Log phase

Definition

 

 

the period of bacterial growth or logarithmic increase in cell numbers; also called exponential growth phase

Term

 

 

Colony

Definition

 

 

a visible mass of microbial cells arising

Term

 

 

 

Definition
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