Term
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Definition
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a membrane-covered structure that contains all of the materials necessary for life and it is the smallest unit that can perform all life processes
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Term
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Definition
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the membrane that surrounds a cell separating its contents from its environment
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Definition
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a change in the organisms's environment that affects the activity of the organism |
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Definition
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maintenance of a stable internal environment which is necessary for the organism to survive |
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Term
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Definition
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when a singe parent produces offspring that are identical to the parent - most single-celled organisms reproduce this way |
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Definition
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when two parents produce offspring that will share characteristics of both parents - most animals and plants reproduce this way |
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Definition
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a special molecule that provides instructions for making molecules called proteins which take part in almost all of an organism's life activities and determine many of an organism's characteristics |
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Term
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Definition
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transmission of characteristics from one generation to the next by passing on copies of their DNA to their offspring through reproduction |
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Term
| offspring resemble their parents because of _____ |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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the total of all of the chemical activities that an organism performs |
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Term
| what happens to a single-celled organism as it grows? |
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Definition
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it gets larger and divides |
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Term
| what happens to a living thing with many cells as it grows? |
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Definition
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it gains cells and gets bigger |
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Term
| what are the 6 characteristics of living things? |
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Definition
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they have cells, respond to stimuli, reproduce, have DNA, use energy (metabolism), and grow and develop |
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Term
| what are the 4 basic needs of every organism? |
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Definition
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food, water, air, and a place to live |
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Term
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Definition
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organisms that can produce their own food, e.g. plants |
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Term
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Definition
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organisms that must eat other organisms to get food |
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Term
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Definition
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organisms that get their food by breaking down dead organisms or animal wastes |
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Term
cells of most living things are
made of approximately ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| most of the chemical reactions involved in metabolism require ______ |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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a mixture of gases, including oxygen and carbon dioxide |
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Term
| what is a chemical process in which most living things use oxygen? |
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Definition
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releasing energy from food |
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Term
| green plants, algae, and some bacteria need carbon dioxide gas in addition to _______ |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the 5 molecules that represent the chemistry of life? |
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Definition
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proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and ATP |
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Term
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Definition
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large molecules made up of subunits called amino acids |
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Term
| proteins that speed up chemical reactions are called _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| a protein found in red blood cells that attaches to oxygen is _______ |
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Definition
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Term
| a nutrient involved in almost all life processes is ______ |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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compounds made up of sugars and used a source of energy and for energy storage |
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Term
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Definition
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carbohydrates made of one sugar molecule or a few sugar molecules linked together |
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Term
| two examples of simple carbohydrates are ______ and ______ |
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Definition
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table sugar and sugars in fruits
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Term
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Definition
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carbohydrates made of hundreds of sugar molecules linked together |
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Term
| two examples of complex carbohydrates are _____ and _____ |
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Definition
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glycogen and starch
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Term
| plants, such as potatoes, store extra sugar as ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| animals and humans store extra sugar as _____ in the _____ |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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compounds that cannot mix with water, some store energy and others form the membranes of cells |
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Term
| what are two lipids that store energy? |
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Definition
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Term
| what molecules form much of the cell membrane? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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compounds made up of subunits called nucleotides |
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Term
| what type of molecule is DNA? |
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Definition
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| what molecules are called the blueprints of life? and why? |
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Definition
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nucleic acids, because they contain all the information needed for the cell to make all of its proteins |
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Term
| what molecule carries most of the energy in the cell? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the two molecules that transfer their energy to ATP to provide fuel for the cells? |
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Definition
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carbohydrates and lipids |
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