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Definition
| a nitrogenous base found in both DNA and RNA |
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Term
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Definition
| in molecular gentics, one of the nitrogen-containing, single- or double-ringed structures that distinguish one nucleotide from another. In DNA the bases are adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine. |
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Definition
| a DNA double helix together with proteins that help to organize the DNA. |
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Definition
| an organic molecule that is bound to certain enzymes and is required for the enzymes' proper functioning; typically, a nucleotide bound to a water-soluble vitamin. |
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Term
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Definition
| in nucleic acids, bases that pair by hydrogen bonding. In DNA, adenine is complementary to thymine and guanine is complementary to cytosine; in RNA adenine is complementary to uracil, and guanine to cytosine. |
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Term
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Definition
| a nitrogenous base found in both DNA and RNA; abbreviated as C. |
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Term
| deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) |
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Definition
| a molecule composed of deoxyribose nucleotides; contains the genetic information of all living cells |
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Definition
| an enzymes that is used to pull apart the parental DNA double helix, so that the bases of the two parental DNA strands no longer form base pairs with one another. |
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Definition
| the enzyme that ties DNA together by joining the sugars and the phosphates in a DNA strand to create a continuous sugar-phosphate backbone. |
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Definition
| a set of enzymes that moves along each separated parental DNA strand, matching each base on the strand with free nucleotides that have a complementary base, using a preexisting DNA strand as a template. |
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Definition
| the copying of the double-stranded DNA molecule, producing two identical DNA double helices. |
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Definition
| the shape of the two-stranded DNA molecule; like a ladder twisted lengthwise into a corkscrew shape. |
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Definition
| a unit of heredity that encodes the information needed to specify the amino acid sequence of proteins and hence particular traits; a functional segment of DNA located at a particular place on a chromosome. |
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Definition
| a nitrogenous base found in both DNA and RNA; abbreviated as G. |
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Term
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Definition
| a change in the base sequence of DNA in a gene; normally refers to a genetic change significant enough to alter that appearance or function of the organism. |
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Term
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Definition
| a subunit of which nucleic acids are composed; a phospate group bonded to a sugar (deoxyribose in DNA), which is in turn bonded to a nitorogen-containing base (ATCG in DNA). Nucleotides are linked together, forming a strand of nucleic acid linked as follows: Bonds between the phosphate of one nucleotide link to the sugar of the next nucleotide. |
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Term
| semiconservative replication |
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Definition
| the process of replication of the DNA double helix; the two DNA strands separate, and each is used as a template for the synthesis of a complementary DNA strand. Consequently, each daughter double helix consists of one parental strand and one new strand. |
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Term
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Definition
| single polymer of nucleotides; DNA is composed of two strands. |
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Term
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Definition
| the major feature of DNA structure, formed by attaching the sugar of one nucleotide to the phosphate from the adjacent nucleotide in a DNA strand. |
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Term
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Definition
| a nitrogenous base found only in DNA; abbreviated as T. |
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