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Definition
| In mitosis, the stage in which the sister chromatids of each chromosome separate from one another and are moved to opposite poles of the cell; meiosis I is the stage in which homologous chromosomes, consisting of two sister chromatids, are separated; meiosisi II is the stage in which the sister chromatids of each chromosome separate from one aother and are moved to opposite poles of the cell. |
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| A chromosome that occurs in homologous pairs in both males and females and does not bear the genes determining sex. |
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| The process by which a single bacterium divides in half, producing two identicial offspring. |
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| The sequence of events in the life of a cell, from one division to the next. |
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| splitting of one cell into two; the process of cellular reproduction. |
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| In animal cells, a short, barrel-shapped ring consisting of nine microtutule triplets; a microtubule-containing structure at the base of each cilium and flagellum; gives rise to the microtubles of cilia and flagella and is involved in spindle formation during cell division. |
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| The region of a replicated chromosome at which the sister chromatids are held together until they separate during cell division. |
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| chiasma or chiasmata (plural) |
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Definition
| A point at which a chromatid of one chromosome crosses with the chromatid of the homologous chromosome during propase of meiosis; the site of exchange of chromosomal material between chromosomes. |
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| One of the two identical strands of DNA and protein that forms a replicated chromosome. The two sister chromatids are joined at the centromere. |
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| Offspring that are produced by mitosis and are therefore identical to each other. |
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| The process of producing many identical copies of a gene; also the production of many gentically identical copies of an organism. |
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| The exchange of corresponding segments of the chromatids of two homologous chromosomes during meiosis. |
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| The division of the cytoplasm and organelles into two daughter cells during cell division; normally occurs during telophase of mitosis. |
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| Referring to a cell with pairs of homologous chromosomes. |
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| a haploid sex cell formed in sexually reproducing organisms. (sperm and eggs) |
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| Referring to a cell that has only one member of each pair of homologous chromosomes. |
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| a chromosome that is similar in appearance and genetic information to another chromosome with which it pairs during meiosis; also called homologous chromosome. |
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Definition
| The stage of the cell cycle between cell divisions; the stage in which chromosomes are replicated and other cell functions occur, such as growth, movement, and acquisition of nutrients. |
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| A type of cell division, used by eukaryotic organisms, in which a diploid cell divides twice to produce four haploid megaspores. |
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| Meiosis followed by cytokinesis. |
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| The stage of mitosis in which the chromosomes, attached to spindle fibers at kinetochores, are line up along the equator of the cell. |
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Definition
| A type of neuclear division, used by eukaryotic cells, in which one copy of each chromosome (already duplicated during interphase before mitosis) moves into each of two daughter nuclei; the daughter nuclei are therefore genetically identical to each other. |
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| Mitosis followed by cytokinesis. |
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| The first stage of mitosis, in which the chromosomes first become visible in the light microscope as thickened, condensed threads and the spindle begins to form; as the spindle is completed, the nuclear envelope breaks apart, and the spindle fibers invade the nuclear region and attach to the kinetochores of the chromosomes. Also, the first stage of meiosis; in Meiosis I, the homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange parts at chiasmata; in meiosis II, the spindle re-forms and chromosomes attach to the microtubules. |
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Definition
| The formation of new combinations of the different alleles of each gene on a chromosome; the result of crossing over. |
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| The pair of chromosomes that usually deterimines the sex of an organism; for example the X and Y chromosomes in mammals. |
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| Microtubules organized in a spindle shape that separate chromomes during mitosis or meiosis. |
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Definition
| in mitosis, the final stage, in which a nuclear envelope re-forms around each new daughter nucleus, the spindle fibers disappear, and the chromosomes relax from their condensed form; in meiosis I, the stage during which the spindle fibers disappear and the chromosomes normally relax from their condensed form; in meiosis II, the stage during which chromosomes relax into their extended state, the nuclear envelopes re-form, and cytokinesis occurs. |
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Term
| At which stage of mitosis are chromosomes arranged at the equator of the cell? |
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Definition
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| A diploid cell contains in its nucleus |
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| one member of each pair of homologous chromosomes. |
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| Synthesis of new DNA occurs during |
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Definition
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| When do homoglogous chromosomes pair up? |
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| is a specific segment of nucleotides in DNA. |
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| Name the sigle stranded molecule that contains the information for the assembly of a specific protein. |
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| Anticodon is the term applied to |
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| the part of the tRNA that interacts with the codon. |
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| Synthesis of a protein based on the sequence of messenger RNA |
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Definition
| consists of nucleotides of DNA to which RNA polymerase binds for transcription. |
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