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Early church regarded him as a heretic for challenging the church's Jewish heritage
Claimed that the TRUE God was found in Jesus Christ |
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| Church reformer, sola gratia and sola fide |
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| Sola Gratia and Sola Fide |
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| Grace Alone and Faith Alone |
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| E.P. Sanders & the new perspective of Paul |
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| Paul misrepresented Judaism and therefore his arguments are against opponents who don't actually exist (fabricated opposition) |
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| Albert Schweitzer & the center of Paul's theology |
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Christian mysticism
Participation in Christ is center, Justification by faith is secondary. |
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| Doesn't matter if Christ rose from the dead- key issue is whether someone has faith or not (demythologized reformation view) |
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Covenant Faithfulness
Righteousness of God isn't God's righteousness, it is his faithfulness to the covenant. |
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-Luther misread Paul
-2 Covenant approach
-Jew and Gentile- 2 different ways to get to heaven |
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| There is no center to Paul's theology- said whatever he needed to in order to connect with his audience. Paul was so interested in specific situations that he didn't have a central theology. |
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| Meaning vs. Significance- meaning is what the author meant, significance is what the text means, which changes over time (meaning doesn't change) |
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-Judicial/Forensic
-Deliberate
-Epideictic |
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| judgment about actions that have occurred in the past, setting is courtroom, time is the past, audience is judges or prosecution, means is an apology or defense |
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| making decisions about the future, time is the future, setting is political assembly, means is persuasion, exhortation, disuasion |
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| demonstrative or ceremonial, to entertain or inspire the audience, setting/audience is ceremonial occasions, time is present, means is praise and blame, question is honor and dishonor |
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-Luke is questioned as a reliable historian
-Some view Acts as being biased
-Date is questioned
-Luke- Objective observer or subjective mediator |
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-Born in Tarsus
-Born a Benjamite, became a Pharisee
-About 30, probably was married before his conversion |
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| Pharisees and their beliefs |
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-Monotheism
-They believe in the Resurrection
-They believe that salvation came from perfect obedience |
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-Schools of Pharisees
-Shammai was more intense, more open to persecuting, less willing to compromise
-Paul was from Hillel line of thought |
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| Current Age, then Messiah comes, and then they go into the Messianic Age |
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| Rights of a Roman Citizen |
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• Right to a fair trial
• Right to appeal to a higher court
• Exemption from a degrading punishment (scourging)
• Exemption from imperial duties (military service) |
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• Sells land and gives the money to the apostles
• Son of Encouragement
• Levite
• Aunt is Mary, John Mark is his cousin
• Leaves on 1st missionary journey with Paul, but they separate |
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• Joins Paul and Barnabas on 1st Missionary Journey at Mary’s house
• Barnabas’ cousin
• Left to go back home to Perga
• Tried to join up again on 2nd journey which leads to split (Paul and Silas, and Barnabas and John Mark) |
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• From Lystria
• Son of a Jewish woman, Greek father
• Traveled and taught with Paul 2nd Missionary Journey
• Appointed in the church of Ephesus |
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• With Paul on 2nd Missionary Journey
• Roman citizen |
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| Paul’s Pre-Antioch Activity |
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• Primarily through Damascus, encounters Christ and receives his calling
• Also when he first meets Peter and James in Jerusalem
• Temple Vision |
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| Itinerary of First Missionary Journey |
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• Primarily through Galatia
• Now called Paul not Saul
• Preached in the synagogues to Gentiles sympathetic to Judaism |
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| • Gentiles sympathetic to Judaism |
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| •Non-Jewish believers who hung out in the synagogues but would not fully convert to Judaism (circumcision) |
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| Significance of Households for Paul’s churches |
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• Paul focused on converting the head of the house
• If the head of the house is converted then the whole house would be converted |
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| • Use of reason to control knowledge, they tried to avoid excess things, but advocated materialism |
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| • Use of reason to control knowledge, they tried to avoid excess things, but advocated materialism |
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Reason helps you strive for "passionlesness"
Everyone has a divine spark |
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| One only needs essential items, Cynic was the word for dog. Tried to become one with nature. |
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• Three types of Gods---Olympians, ithonics, heroes
• Open to new religions |
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• Cults centered on initiation and rituals that offered rewards from the Gods
• Imperial cults, offered sacrifices to Caesar |
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| Hellenistic Epistolary Conventions |
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| • Hellenistic doesn’t have exhortation or thanksgiving |
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| North Galatian Hypothesis |
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• Paul wrote to those who were ethnically Galatians
• Puts Galatians after Acts and Jerusalem Council
Paul and Peter start off agreeing but end up disagreeing.
AD 51/52 |
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| South Galatian Hypothesis |
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Paul and Peter start off disagreeing with each other but end up agreeing
• Before the Jerusalem Council
AD 49 |
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| The Jerusalem Council AD 49 |
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• Do Gentiles accept Law of Moses to convert to Judaism
• Are Paul and Barnabas legit
• Raised questions of how unified the church was
• Circumcision |
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• Raised question of are the requirements for Christianity social or salvific
• Paul and barnabas are confirmed and so are the apostolic believers |
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| Itinerary of Second Missionary Journey |
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• Traveled primarily through Europe
• Revisited Galatia |
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• Roman colony
• First convert in Europe which was Lydia
• Philippian Jailor |
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• First convert in Europe
• Church met in her house
• First house church in Europe |
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• Preached in synagogues
Paul had to convince teachers that God suffered. |
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• Not very successful
• Talked to stoic philosophers who listened but it was true extreme when Paul started talking about a resurrected man
• Mars Hill |
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• Lot of success with Gentiles undetached to synagogues
• Paul did a lot of tentmaking with Pricilla and Aquila |
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| • Corinthians---Jewish, kicked out of Rome |
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| • When Roman officials tell the Jews they aren’t interested in the quarrels between Jews and Christians |
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• AD 49
• Expelling of Jews from Rome because of conflicts in the synagogues about Christ and Christianity |
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