Term
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Definition
| Under aerobic conditions, yeast does not produce |
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Term
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Definition
| Most ATP in cells is produced during this process |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| where chlorophyll and other pigments involved in photosynthesis are located |
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Term
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Definition
| involves the same enzyme, ribulose-biphosphate carboxylase (Rubisco) of Calvin cycle |
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Term
| Phosphoenol pyruvate (PEP) |
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Definition
| CO2 in mesophyll cells of C4 plants condense with this to make a four carbon product |
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Term
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Definition
| Calvin cycle in mesophyll cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Calvin cycle during day time |
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Term
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Definition
| Calvin cycle in Bundle sheath cells |
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Term
| Competitive enzyme inhibitor |
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Definition
| appears structurally similar to the substrate and blocks access to active site |
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Term
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Definition
| substances that maintain pH |
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Term
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Definition
| in yeast, results in production of alcohol |
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Term
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Definition
| has an active site, substrate specific, binds to a substrate, and lowers activation energy, and is not used up in a reaction |
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Term
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Definition
| oscillates between inactive and active state because of conformation change at a site other than the active site |
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Term
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Definition
| reactions involved in the break down of organic chemicals |
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Term
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Definition
| reactions that consumes energy/heat |
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Term
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Definition
| reactions in biosynthesis of biochemicals |
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Term
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Definition
| reactions that release heat/energy, thetaG < 0 |
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Term
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Definition
| sum total of all biological reactions |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| H20 to NADPH -> Calvin Cycle |
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Definition
| the flow of electrons in photosynthesis |
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Term
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Definition
| contains light harvesting antenna and reaction center |
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Term
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Definition
| causes generation of ATP from ADP |
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Term
| Oxidative phosphorylation |
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Definition
| where most ATP is generated during cellular respiration |
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Term
| Ribulose biphosphate carboxylase |
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Definition
| most abundant protein in biosphere |
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Term
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Definition
| where all life forms on Earth derive energy from |
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Term
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Definition
| metabolic pathway common to fermentation and cellular respiration, net gain of two ATP and two NADH |
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Term
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Definition
| can nourish themselves beginning with CO2 and other inorganic chemicals |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| involves generation of ATP from sunlight, similar to oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| immediate energy source in a cell that drives reactions |
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Term
| Primary electron acceptor |
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Definition
| captures energized (excited) electrons from photosystem |
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Term
| Smooth endoplasmic reticulum |
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Definition
| functions in detoxification, membrane synthesis, steroid synthesis, and calcium ion storage and released |
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Term
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Definition
| lysosomes often fuse with this |
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Term
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Definition
| often observed to be continuous with outer membrane of nuclear envelope |
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Term
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Definition
| produces ribosomes and contains RNA |
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Term
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Definition
| eat and recycle garbage cells |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| 9x3 arrangement of microtubules is characteristic of this |
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Term
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Definition
| use ATP for energy to move water relative to a cell |
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Term
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Definition
| makes up plant cell walls |
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Term
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Definition
| part of the cytosol of eukaryotic cells |
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Term
| Mitochondria and Chloroplasts |
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Definition
| organelles that are ancient symbiotic organisms in eukaryotic cells |
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Term
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Definition
| non-protein helpers for enzymes |
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Term
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Definition
| product near the end of a pathway binds to an enzyme early in the pathway to reduce its activity |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| diffusion of water from a solution with a lower concentration to a solution with a higher solute concentration through a semipermiable membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| uses ATP to move a solute through a membrane against a concentration gradient |
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Term
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Definition
| used to secrete molecules in mass from cells |
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Term
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Definition
| most CO2 from catabolism of a monosaccharide is released during this cycle |
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Term
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Definition
| final electron acceptor at the end of the electron transport chain that functions in aerobic oxidative phosphorylation |
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Term
| Electromagnetic radiation |
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Definition
| has characteristics of both particles and waves |
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Term
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Definition
| where the two photosystems are located |
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Term
| Pyruvate dehydrogenase system |
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Definition
| takes one pyruvate and gives off one CO2, reduces one NAD to NADH, and gives one acetyl group to CoA |
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Term
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Definition
| water molecules are broken into 1/2 O2, 2 electrons, and 2 protons; where chlorophyll (a) P680 is found |
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Term
| Mitochondrial electron transport system |
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Definition
| the immediate function is to pump protons into the intermembrane space between the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes |
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Term
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Definition
| has one or two chromatids, made of DNA and protein; most cells in plants and animals have 2 sets |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| lasts as long as chromosomes are moving toward the poles |
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