Term
|
Definition
| the branch of chemistry that specializes in the study of carbon compounds |
|
|
Term
| 4 elements that carbon most commonly bonds with |
|
Definition
| Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Carbon (HONC) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a carbon atom with four single bonds to other atoms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| two carbons joined in a double bond that makes all attached carbons lie on the same plane |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| organic molecules consisting of only hydrogen and carbon, hydrophobic compounds because of the nonpolar carbon-to-hydrogen linkages |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| compounds that have the same number of atoms and elements, but different structures and therefor different properties |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| difference in the covalent arrangement of their atoms, different due to branching or different bonds formed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| difference in arrangement around a double bond; same bonds, different spatial arrangements |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mirror image isomers due to the presence of an asymmetric carbon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chemical groups that affect the shape of a molecule and therefore its function |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| polar molecules known as alcohols |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| known as ketones and aldehydes, forms two major groups of sugars called ketoses and aldoses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| carbonyl groups on the interior of a carbon skeleton |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| carbonyl groups at the end of a carbon skeleton |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| acids known as carboxylic acids or organic acids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| known as thiols; can form a covalent bond with each other which helps stabilize protein structure |
|
|
Term
| phosphate groups (-OPO3^2-) |
|
Definition
| known as organic phospates; contributes negative charges to the molecules of which it is a part |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| known as methylated compounds; addition of these groups to DNA affects expression of genes; only nonreactive functional group |
|
|
