Term
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Definition
| Chromatin that is condensed and not available for transcription, locked files |
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Term
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Definition
| Chromatin that is NOT condensed, DNA IS available for transcription. |
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Term
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Definition
DNA + Histones ( 4 types)
is the bead on the string |
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Term
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Definition
| Histone H1, aids the 10-nm fiber to coil forming the 30-nm chromatin fiber |
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Term
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Definition
| 30-nm fiber forms loops that are attached to a chromosome scaffold made of non histone proteins, which makes the 300-nm fiber |
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Term
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Definition
| DNA sequence that regulates binding of transcription factors to promoter |
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Term
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Definition
| Protein that binds to enhancer and stimulates transcription |
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Term
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Definition
| Protein that prevents transcription |
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Term
| Transcriptional Gene Silencing |
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Definition
| Histone modifications create an environment of heterochromatin around a gene making it inaccessible to Transc. Machinery |
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Term
| Translation Gene Silencing |
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Definition
| A genes mRNA is destroyed which prevents translation from making a active gene |
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Term
| Gene silencing importance |
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Definition
| It is important because it is used to protect the organisms genome against infectious DNA elements. |
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Term
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Definition
| a post-translation protein that labels proteins for degradation |
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Term
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Definition
| is responsible for the first level of DNA packing in chromatin due to their positively charged amino acids which bind tightly to negatively charged DNA |
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Term
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Definition
| essential for long term inactivation of certain genes, if maintained accounts for genomic imprinting |
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Term
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Definition
| acetyl groups bind to positively charged lysines in histone tails which neutralizes their chrages and they will no longer bind to neighboring nucleosomes |
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Term
| Polymerase chain rxn (PCR) |
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Definition
| Is used to amplify certain regions of a DNA strand |
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Term
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Definition
| A DNA polymerase enzyme that transcribes single stranded RNA into single stranded DNA, the reverse of regular transcription |
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Term
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Definition
| Joins backbones of adjacent Okazaki fragments, forming a single new DNA strand. |
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Term
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Definition
| Is used to check for the presence of a DNA sequence in a DNA sample |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| seperates and unwinds 2 DNA strands |
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Term
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Definition
| Releives strain caused as DNA strands unwind |
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Term
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Definition
| Adds nucleotides one at a time to 3' end |
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Term
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Definition
| 3' end towards replication fork, easy straight shot replication |
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Term
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Definition
| 5' end towards replication fork, elongates in Okasaki fragments. |
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Term
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Definition
| begins replication by attatching short strand of RNA to template strand |
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Term
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Definition
| Attatches DNA nucleotides to primer |
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Term
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Definition
| Removes primer and replaces it with DNA nucleotides |
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Term
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Definition
| DNA sequence that marks begining of transcription |
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Term
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Definition
| Enzyme that separates DNA strand and synthesises RNA strand (5'-3') |
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Term
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Definition
| Specific region of promoter |
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Term
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Definition
| proteins that bind to TATA box, let you know what genes need to be transcribed |
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Term
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Definition
| DNA sequence that signals RNA to be released and transcription sequence to detach |
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Term
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Definition
| modified guanine added to 5' end of mRNA |
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Term
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Definition
| 50-250 adenines added to 3' end |
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Term
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Definition
| Non-coding regions that are cut out of mRNA before it leaves the nucleus |
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Term
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Definition
| coding regions that are spliced together after introns are removed |
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Term
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Definition
| Site of protein synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
| Hydrolysis of macromolecules occurs |
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Term
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Definition
| Cellular storage compartments |
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Term
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Definition
| Synthesis of plasma components occurs |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Females chose males with certain phenotype |
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Term
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Definition
| Conditions that favor non-average phenotypes |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Different habitats btw. different species |
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Term
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Definition
| Breeding occurs at different times of the year |
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Term
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Definition
| Courtship rituals differ. |
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Term
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Definition
| Morphological differences prevent mating |
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Term
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Definition
| Various mechanisma prevent fusion between sperm and egg |
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Term
| Oxidative Phosphorylation |
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Definition
| The difference in H+ concentrations on opposite sides of the inner mtochondrial membrane is the direct energy source that drives ATP synthesis |
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Term
| What is the relationship between the light reactions and the Calvin Cycle |
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Definition
| The light reactions provide ATP and NADPH to the Calvin cycle, and theCalvin cycle returns ADP, Pi, and NADP+ to the light reactions |
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Term
| What is the path of electron flow during cellular respiration? |
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Definition
| Glucose-NADH-electron transport chain-oxygen |
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Term
| Where does the Calvin cycle take place? |
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Definition
| In the Stroma of the chloroplast |
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Term
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Definition
| Itroduces a stop codon into the mRNA |
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Term
| What does cyclic electron flow in the chloroplast produce? |
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Definition
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Term
| Covalent Bonds vs Ionic Bonds |
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Definition
| Cov. bnds invovle the sharing of electrons between atoms, and ionic bonds involve the electrical attraction btw atoms |
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