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Definition
| AN emergent property of life that arises from interactions between molecules within the cell. |
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Definition
| The totality of an organism's chemical reactions |
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Definition
| Begins with a specific molecule and ends with a product |
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Definition
| Release energy by breaking down complex molecules into simpler compounds |
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Definition
| Release energy by breaking down complex molecules into simpler compounds. |
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Definition
| Consume energy to build complex molecules from simpler ones |
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Definition
| The study of how organisms manage their energy resources |
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Definition
| The capacity to cause change. |
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Definition
| Energy associated with motion |
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Definition
| Kinetic energy associated with random movement of atoms or molecules |
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Definition
| Energy that matter possesses because of its location or structure. |
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Definition
| Potential energy available for release in a chemical reaction |
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Term
| First Law of Thermodynamics |
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Definition
| Energy can be transferred and transformed but it cannot be created or destroyed |
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Term
| Second Law of Thermodynamics |
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Definition
| Every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy (disorder) of the universe. |
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Term
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Definition
| Energy that can do work when temperature and pressure are uniform, as in a living cell. |
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Definition
| Proceeds with a net release of free energy and is spontaneous |
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Definition
| Absorbs free energy from its surroundings and is nonspontaneous. |
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Term
| ATP (adenosine triphosphate) |
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Definition
| The cell's energy shuttle, composed of ribose (a sugar), adenine (a nitrogenous base, and three phosphate groups. |
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Definition
| When ATP drives endergonic reactions by phosphorylation, transferring a phosphate group to some other molecule, such as a reactant. |
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Definition
| A chemical agent that speeds up a reaction without being consumed by the reaction |
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Definition
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Definition
| The reactant that an enzyme acts on |
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Definition
| When the enzyme binds to its substrate |
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Definition
| The region on the enzyme where the substrate binds. |
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Definition
| Brings chemical groups of the active site into positions that enhance their ability to catalyze the reaction |
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Term
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Definition
| Nonprotein enzyme helpers |
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Definition
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Definition
| Bind to the active site of an enzyme, competing with the substrate |
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Term
| Noncompetitive inhibitors |
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Definition
| Bind to another part of an enzyme, causing the enzyme to change shape and making the active site less effective |
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