Term
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Definition
| Cells join smaller organic molecules together to form larger molecules |
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Term
| The four major classes of Biological macromolecules are |
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Definition
Carbohydrates,
Proteins
Lipids, and
Nucleic acids |
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Term
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Definition
| Macromolecules form long chainlike molecules called |
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Term
| Monosaccharides are the building blocks of: |
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Definition
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Term
| A dehydration reaction between the two molecules results in the formation of a: |
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Definition
Peptide bond C. Diglyceride
B. A dinucleotide D. Disaccharide
all! |
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Term
| A nucleotide is composed of |
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Definition
| B. A purine (or pyrimidine), a phosphate and five-carbon sugar (pentose). |
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Term
| A polypeptide is made of many: |
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Definition
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Term
| A nucleotide is composed of: |
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Definition
| A purine (or pyrimidine), a phosphate and five-carbon sugar (pentose) |
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Term
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Definition
| A phosphate, glycerol and two fatty acids |
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Term
| A cellulose molecule is a polymer of: |
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Definition
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Term
| In the double helix of DNA |
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Definition
| Adenine always base pairs with Thymine and Guanine always base pairs with Cytosine |
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Term
| Which level of protein folding would you observe if a protein is made up of a single polypeptide? |
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Definition
Primary C. Tertiary
B. Secondary D. All of the above
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following structures are found in both the prokaryotes and eukaryotes? |
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Definition
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Term
| Plasma membrane is found in both the eukaryotes and prokaryotes |
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Definition
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Term
| Nuclear membrane or nuclear envelope |
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Definition
| Is found in eukaryote cells |
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Term
| Chlorophyll, the green pigment of the plants is found in: |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Rough endoplasmic reticulum |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| stores degradative enzyme |
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Term
| Plasma membrane is composed of: |
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Definition
| Lipid bilayer with embedded proteins |
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Term
| Following structures are found in which organelle; Thylakoids, stroma and grana |
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Definition
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Term
| DNA in eukaryotes is contained in |
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Definition
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Term
| Nucleoid structure is found in: |
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Definition
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Term
| Cell- cell recognition involves |
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Definition
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Term
| DNA is found in which organelles: |
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Definition
| Mitochondria and chloroplasts |
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Term
| Water moves into and out of cells by: |
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Definition
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Term
| Cells take up many kinds of molecules against a concentration gradient by means of: |
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Definition
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Term
| Cells take up many kinds of molecules against a concentration gradient by means of: |
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Definition
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Term
| Central vacuoles are found: |
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Definition
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Term
| A condensation (dehydration) reaction between the molecules below results in the formation of a: |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| which 2 organs store glycogen |
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Definition
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Term
| why are lipids hydrophobic? |
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Definition
| they are non polar, covalent bonds |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| why are unsaturated fats liquid? |
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Definition
| the double bonds create kinks |
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Term
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Definition
| phospolipids in a circle w/ tails in |
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Term
| what is the major component of membranes |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| how are nucleotides formed |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| combination of pentose and nitrogenous base |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| where is the phosphate in the DNA strand, where is the hydroxyl |
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Definition
| phosphate @ 5, hydroxyl @ 3 |
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Term
| what is the rule of complementary fundamentals |
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Definition
| Adenine+Thymine, Guanine+Cytosine |
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Term
| What is the backbone of DNA made out of? |
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Definition
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Term
| name the 3 parts of a nucleotide |
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Definition
| Nitrogenous base, pentose sugar, phosphate group. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what are the different levels of structure of proteins |
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Definition
| 1. primary structure 2. alpha helix/ beta sheets 3. tertiary structure 4. quaternary |
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Term
| give difference between phagocytosis and autophagy and what organelle does it happen in? |
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Definition
phagocytosis is process of going into cell, autophagy breaks it down.
lysosome |
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Term
| major difference between procaryotic and eukaryotic |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the main function of plasma membrane? |
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Definition
| allows passage of oxygen, nutrients, and waste for the whole cell. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a network of intermediate filaments that maintain the shape of a nucleus. |
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Term
| what is diff bet chromoplast and amyloplasts? |
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Definition
| amyloplast has storage in roots, and colorless.. chromoplast storage and pigmants for fruit and flowers |
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Term
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Definition
| where RNA is synthisized and assembled with proteins, it is the densely strained fibers in the nuclelus. |
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Term
| whats the diff between free and bound ribosomes |
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Definition
free- in the cytosol
bound-attached to the outside of endoplasmic riticulum |
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Term
| what is the endoplasmic riticulum? |
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Definition
| makes membranes including plasma membranes |
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Term
| what is the golgi aparatus do? |
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Definition
| finishes, sorts, and ships cell products. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| endomembrane system includes: |
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Definition
| nuclear envelope, endoplasmic riticulum, golgi aparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, and plasma membrane. |
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Term
| whats diff bet smooth and rough endoplasmic rituculm |
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Definition
| smooth lacks ribosomes, rough has ribosomes. |
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Term
| what are the main macromolecules in membranes? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is an example of an amphimpathic molecule |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| driven by other forces, such as heat, intrinsic kinetic energy |
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Term
| what is concentration gradiant |
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Definition
| where it goes from high to low concentration |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what are the 3 diff types of vacuoles |
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Definition
| food, central, contractile |
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Term
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Definition
| convert energy to forms that cells can use for work. (almost all animal cells have this) |
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Term
| what is the cristae in the mitochondria |
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Definition
| the highly folded intermembrane of mitochondria and provides space for the fluid. |
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Term
| what are the 3 main types of fibers in cytoskeleton |
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Definition
| microtubrules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments |
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Term
| what are the functions of aquaporins |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| like when a cell takes a drink of water. |
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Term
| what kind of reaction do monomers go through to create a bond? |
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Definition
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Term
| where is starch stored in plants and humans? |
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Definition
choloplasts-plants
glycogen-liver and muscle |
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Term
| where are lipids stored in animals and plants? |
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Definition
animals-adipose cells
plants-seeds |
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Term
| what process raises energy in cells? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what are the 3 types of carbohydrates? |
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Definition
| monosacrides, disacchrides, polysacchrides |
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Term
| what does a fatty acid look like? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| joining two glucose molecules |
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Term
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Definition
| joining of glucose and fructose through a 1-2 glycosidic linkage. |
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Term
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Definition
| amlyopectine is more complex |
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Term
| In a fat, three fatty acids are joined to glycerol by an ester linkage, creating |
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Definition
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Term
| what factors that cause denaturation |
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Definition
| Alterations in pH, salt concentration, temperature, or other factors can unravel |
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Term
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Definition
| they are used to build proteins |
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Term
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Definition
| nondigestable, helps digestible |
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Term
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Definition
| in a protein that is in the tertiary structure. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| forms with 2 monosacrides to form disacchride. its a covalent bond. |
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Term
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Definition
| repeated units in polymers |
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Term
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Definition
| nucleus, smooth er and rough, golgi apartaus, lysosomes |
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Term
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Definition
| cytosisine, uracil, thymine. |
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