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LGSA Chapter 1 Key Terms
Foundations of Government
17
Political Studies
Undergraduate 1
09/20/2011

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Term
Government
Definition
The formal political arrangements by which a land and its people are ruled. Composed of institutions and processes that rulers establish to strengthen and perpetuate their control over a territory and its inhabitants.
Term
Autocracy
Definition
A form of government in which a single individual rules.
Term
Oligarchy
Definition
A form of government in which a small group controls most of the government's decisions.
Term
Democracy
Definition
A system of rule that permits its citizens to play a significant part in the governmental process, usually through the election of key public officials.
Term
Substantive Limits
Definition
Laws that determine how much a government is permitted to control.
Term
Procedural Limits
Definition
Laws that determine how a government can enforce its control.
Term
Constitutional Government
Definition
A system of rule in which formal and effective limits are placed on the powers of government.
Term
Authoritarian Government
Definition
A system of rule in which the government recognizes no formal limits, but may be restrained by the power of other social institutions.
Term
Totalitarian Government
Definition
A system of rule in which the government recognizes no formal limits on its power and seeks to absorb or eliminate institutions that might challenge it.
Term
Coercion
Definition
Forcing someone to do something by threats or pressure.
Term
Free-Riding
Definition
Enjoying the benefits of some good or action while letting others bear the costs.
Term
Public Good
Definition
A good that may be enjoyed by everyone if it is provided, and may not be denied once it has been provided.
Term
Politics
Definition
The conflicts and struggles over the leaderships, structure, and policies of government.
Term
Institutions
Definition
The rules and procedures that guide political behavior.
Term
Nation-State
Definition
A political entity consisting of a people with some common cultural experience, who share a common political authority, recognized by other sovereign nation-states.
Term
Representative Democracy
Definition
A system of government that provides the populace with the opportunity to make the government responsive to its views through the selection of representatives who, in turn, play a significant role in governmental decision making.
Term
Principal-Agent Relationship
Definition
The relationship between a principal and his or her agent; this relationship may be affected by the fact that each is motivated by self-interest.
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