Term
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Definition
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Term
| Yersinia pestis Causative agent |
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Definition
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Term
| Yersinia pestis Mode of transmission |
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Definition
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Term
| Reasons to study Microbiology |
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Definition
1. Important to human health
2. Primary producers [decompose dead organisms/waste]
3. Genetic engineering
4. Food/food industry |
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Term
| 3 reasons Microorganisms are useful in research |
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Definition
1. Simple structure [single cell]
2. Large #'s [statistically reliable]
3. Reproduce quickly [20-40 min can be a generation]. |
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Term
| Basic Funcitons of Organisms [6] |
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Definition
1. Organization
2. Responsiveness
3. Growth & Differentiation
4. Reproduction
5. Movement
6. Metabolism & Excretion |
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Term
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Definition
| microorganisms are genetically engineered to break down toxic materials |
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Term
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Definition
| Carbs, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids |
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Term
| Why are bacteria everywhere on this planet? |
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Definition
- metabolic capacity superior to any other form of life
- can titilize and inorganic or organic material as a source of energy. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
lowest functional unit of life
ex. bacteria, plant & animal cell, human egg |
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Term
| Major groups of organisms include |
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Definition
- bacteria
- viruses
- algae
- protozoa
- fungi |
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Term
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Definition
Atom
molecule
organelles
cell
tissue
organs
organ systems
organism |
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Term
| bacterial characteristics/properties |
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Definition
- all prokaryotic [single cell, no nucleus, but does have genome]
- some autotrophic [photosynthesis]
- most heterotrophic [eat product of autotroph or eat autotroph]
- most do not cause disease
- most have not been identified or grown |
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Term
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Definition
| living, single cellular infectious agent |
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Term
| Virus properties/characteristics |
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Definition
- acellular infectious agent
- consists of a genome [either DNA or RNA single or double stranded] and protein coat
- obligate intracellular parasites [only way to replicate is within another cell] |
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Term
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Definition
1. smaller than virul
2. RNA [Ribonucleic Acid] single strand
3. Infects plants [infectious agent] |
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Term
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Definition
| complete virus. Consists of lipid envelope, genome, and protein coat. |
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Term
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Definition
- most do not cause disease
- all are eukaryotic
- most single cellular
- all are autotrophic |
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Term
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Definition
- most single cell
- eukaryotic
- atleast 1 nucleus
- some cause disease |
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Term
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Definition
- genome in nucleus
- most heterotrophic
- can be single or multicellular
- some autotrophic [such as algae] |
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Term
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Definition
- single celled w/ atleast 1 nucleus
- some cause disease
- some eat bacteria through phagocytosis |
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Term
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Definition
- single misshaped protein [causes other proteins to become misshapedn
- causes neurodegenerative diseases such as mad cow disease |
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Term
| Multicellular Animal Parasites |
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Definition
- Eukaryotic
- Multi-cellular animal
- such as parasitic worms |
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Term
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Definition
| parasitic flatworms and round worms |
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Term
| Arthropods role with microbes |
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Definition
| - [such as insects] serve in transmission of microbes |
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Term
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Definition
- [Mid 1600s] compound microscope
- named "cells" |
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Term
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Definition
-[mid 1600s] developed 1st usable microscope
- observed living microorganisms. |
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Term
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Definition
| belief that microorganisms arose from nonliving things |
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Term
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Definition
- beleif that living organisms arise from preexisting life.
- lead to the cell theory
- was an alternate hypothesis |
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Term
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Definition
| States that microorganisms (germs)can invade other organisms and cause disease |
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Term
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Definition
-[mid 1800s] Father of Immunology
-1st rabies vaccine |
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Term
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Definition
- [late 1800s]developed a technique for growing pure cultures [which lead to ability to treat diseases].
- came up with concept "1 organism = 1 disease"
- worked with anthrax and tuberculosis |
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Term
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Definition
1. The same causative agent must be found in all cases of the disease
2. The disease organism must be isolated in a pure culture.
3. This pure culture must cause disease in a healthy, susceptible animal.
4. The disease organism must be recovered from teh inoculated animal. |
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Term
| Acellular infectious agents |
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Definition
| Viroid, Viron, Virus, Prion |
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Term
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Definition
1. The same causative agent must be found in all cases of the disease
2. The disease organism must be isolated in a pure culture.
3. This pure culture must cause disease in a healthy, susceptible animal.
4. The disease organism must be recovered from teh inoculated animal. |
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Term
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Definition
- [mid 1800s] developed aseptic techniques in surgery
- Hint Lister [Listerine] |
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Term
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Definition
- [late 1700s] discovered cowpox prevented smallpox
- called Vaccine "vacca"
- would cut patient and place scabs from milk maids into would to prevent smallpox |
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Term
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Definition
- latin for "cow"
- term Edward Jenner used for vaccine |
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Term
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Definition
| uses chemicals to treat an infectious agent [such as bacteria] |
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Term
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Definition
- kills target animal
- contains thick polysacharide coating |
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Term
| Modern Developments in Microbiology |
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Definition
- Virology - study of viruses
- Bacteriology - study of bacteria
- Mycology - study of fungi
- Parasitology - study of protozoa and parasitic worms
- Genetis and Microbiology |
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Term
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Definition
| [1928] discovered that live bacteria could acquire heritable traits from dead ones. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| single cell, no nucleus [but does contain a genome] |
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Term
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Definition
1. smaller than a virus
2. Single stranded RNA [ribonucleic acid]
3. Infects plants [infectious agent] |
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Term
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Definition
| Complete virus. Composed of lipid envelope, genome, & a protein coat |
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Term
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Definition
1. single misshaped protein
2. Causes neurodegenerative diseases such as Mad Cow |
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Term
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Definition
1. acellular
2. obligate intracellular parasites [only way to reproduce is within another cell. |
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Term
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Definition
1. most do not cause disease
2. all are eukaryotic
3. all autotrophic
4. most single cellular |
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Term
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Definition
1. genome in nucleus
2. most heterotrophic
3. can be single or multicellular
4. some autotrophic [such as algae] |
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Term
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Definition
1. all prokaryotic [single cell, no nucleus]
2. some autotrophic [photosynthesis]
3. most heterotrophic [ingest product of autotrophes
4. most do not cause disease
5. most have not been identified or grown |
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Term
| Types of infectious agents |
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Definition
| Viruses, viroid, prion, and some bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
| chemicals produced by bacteria and fungi that inhibit or kill other microbes |
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Term
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Definition
| from tree bark was long used to treat malaria |
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Term
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Definition
| discovered first antibiotic [Penicillin killed S. aureus] |
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Term
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Definition
| study of larger and more complex organisms |
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Term
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Definition
discovered live bacteria could acquire heritable traits from dead ones
- Streptococcus pnemonia: Avirulent = living, virulent = dead, heat killed virulent + avirulent = dead
- transformation through genetic recombination |
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Term
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Definition
| form of genetic recombination |
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