Term
|
Definition
| T cell is worse than B cell ALL |
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Term
|
Definition
| Induction-intensification 1 month, CNS prophylaxis, maintenance for 2-3 yrs |
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Term
|
Definition
| Induction- 1 mo, consolidation (post remission Tx) up to 6 mo |
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Term
|
Definition
| helps distinguish acute myeloid leukemia |
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Term
|
Definition
| core binding factor; normally activates txn; when fused to repressor complex, prevents difftiation of cells |
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Term
|
Definition
| nucleophosmin; shuttle ptn btwn nucleus and cytoplasm; common genetic event in AML, esp w/ age, usually in exon 12; favorable prognosis. |
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Term
|
Definition
| seen in infantile leukemia and 2' leukemia related to topo II inhibitors (etoposide); usually FABM4 or M5 phenotype, intermediate prognosis |
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Term
|
Definition
| trans-membrane TK receptor; may cause AML when duplicated such that it is no longer inhibitable |
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Term
|
Definition
| As2O3, used against APL, as a monotherapy its complete remission rate is 85%. With ATRA, it's even better. |
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Term
| genetic locus associated w/ diabetes |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| genetic locus associated w/ ankylosing spondylitis |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| DiGeorge's syndrome: cardiac, abnormal faces, thymus, cleft palate, hypocalcemia, chromosome 22 microdeletions |
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Term
| nitroblue tetrazolium test |
|
Definition
| test the ability of leukocytes to do a respiratory burst; negative in CGD |
|
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Term
| when is neutropenia a problem |
|
Definition
| if absolute neutrophil count<300 due to marrow insufficiency |
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|
Term
| leukemia associated with DIC |
|
Definition
| acute promyelocytic leukemia |
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Term
|
Definition
| you'll see a variety of lineages and phases of difftiation, not just blasts. |
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Term
|
Definition
| retinal spots seen in CGL/CML with leukocytosis and anemia |
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Term
|
Definition
| delay blastic crises and comfort measures w/ chemo, IFNa, gleevec, HSC transplant |
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|
Term
| most common childhood leukemia |
|
Definition
| pre-B ALL (AKA common leukemia) |
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Term
|
Definition
| hodgkins, DLBCL, Follicular B Cell Lymphoma (FL) |
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Term
| test to differentiate between lymphomas |
|
Definition
| flow cytometry; checks cell surface markers |
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Term
| lymphoma/leukemia causing viruses |
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Definition
| EBV-> Burkitt lymphoma, some Hodgkin? HTLV-1 -> adult T cell neoplasm |
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Term
| Burkitt lymphoma genetic abnormality |
|
Definition
| 8;14 translocation; EBV and malaria cause a translocation of myc from chr. 8 to chr 14 where it is overexpressed |
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Term
| FCC lymphoma genetic abnormality |
|
Definition
| 14;18 translocation upregulates Bcl-2; this doesn't usually accelerate growth, but it prevents cell death making for a slow-growing initial cancer |
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Term
|
Definition
| uses radiolabeled cobalamine to see if it comes out in urine or not. If not excreted, then there is an absorption (intrinsic factor, etc.) problem |
|
|
Term
| lymphadenopathy unlikely malignant IF: |
|
Definition
| lasts less than 2 weeks or over 1 year without growth |
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|
Term
| follicles in malignant process indicates |
|
Definition
| B cells- T cell neoplasms DONT make follicles |
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Term
|
Definition
| expensive, last-resort molecular tests for hard to identify leukemias/lymphomas that identify chromosomal abnormalities or protein expression abnormalities |
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Term
|
Definition
| slower growing, only a small percentage are dividing and susceptible to chemo; harder to cure |
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Term
|
Definition
| faster growing, more aggressive, high dividing percentage; easier to cure w/ chemo |
|
|
Term
| diffuse vs follicular B cell lymphomas |
|
Definition
| diffuse has a slightly worse prognosis; less difftiated |
|
|
Term
| 6 major classes of lymphoma |
|
Definition
| precursor lymphoid, Mature B, Mature T or NK, Hodgkin, Immunodeficiency-associated, histiocytic/dendritic cell |
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Term
|
Definition
| mostly pts over 50, poor response to Tx, most of the lymph node is taken over by cancerous clonal cells |
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Term
| Reed-Sternberg Giant Cells |
|
Definition
| hallmark of Hodgkins lymphoma; binucleate giant cells, produce and respond to all sorts of cytokines; mutated B cells that gather other reactive cells around them |
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Term
|
Definition
| fibrosis of lymph nodes caused by reed-sternberg cells releasing FGF |
|
|
Term
| surface markers of classical Reed Sternberg cells |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| surface markers of lymphocyte predominant reed-sternberg cells |
|
Definition
| CD20, other B cell markers, not CD15 or 30 |
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Term
|
Definition
| found on all stages of B cells except plasma |
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Term
|
Definition
| found on mature B cells, but not plasma cells |
|
|
Term
| tdt present in which cancers |
|
Definition
| terminal deoxytransferase only pre B and pre T cells (Blasts-acute cancers) |
|
|
Term
| tyrosine kinase inhibitors |
|
Definition
| imatinib or dasatinib are great for treating bcr-abl (philadelphia chromosome) ALL |
|
|
Term
| mediastinal mass is typical presentation |
|
Definition
| lymphoblastic lymphoma (LBL) |
|
|
Term
| lymphoma gold standard Dx |
|
Definition
| biopsy of whole lymph node |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| staging of Hodgkins lymphoma |
|
Definition
| I: single node. II: 2+ lymph nodes on same side of diaphragm. III: nodes on both sides of diaphragm. IV: diffuse outside of nodes too (liver, marrow, skin) |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| reed-sternberg cell in hodgkins dz |
|
|
Term
| effect of cross linking cd20 |
|
Definition
| downregulates Bcl-2; reduces resistance to apoptosis |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| chronic lymphocytic leukemia; most common adult leukemia; mostly elderly males, often asymptomatic |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| T cell lymphoma that looks like a skin fungus |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| indolent T cell lymphoma of CD8 cells usually treated just with immune suppression |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| aggressive B cell lymphoma; largely defined by 11;14 translocation and overexpression of cyclin D1, highly responsive to initial chemo but relapses are common. intermediate size cells, diffuse pattern w/ spleen, marrow, blood, GI. CD23+, mostly men |
|
|
Term
| surface markers of NK cell lymphoma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| surface markers of anaplastic aggressive T cell lymphoma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sx of macroglobulinemia of waldenstrom |
|
Definition
| bleeding, CNS, CHF, sausaging of retinal veins; hyperviscosity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| indicate xs light chain production, think multiple myeloma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| CRAB: elevated Ca2+, Renal dysfn, Anemia, and Bone lesions |
|
|
Term
| to confirm Dx of multiple myeloma |
|
Definition
| serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP) shows M protein |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dense, lymphocyte-like nucleus with the cytoplasm of a plasma cell; hallmark of macroglobulinemia of waldenstrom |
|
|
Term
| CD20+, CD3-, aggressive lymphoma |
|
Definition
| Burkitt's lymphoma has these characteristics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| coexpression of CD4 and CD8 in periphery may indicate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| On flow cytometry, Hodkins lymphoma resembles |
|
Definition
| a reactive proliferation (e.g. response to an infection) |
|
|
Term
| when CD8 cells outnumber CD4 cells, this may indicate |
|
Definition
| a loss of CD4+ cells, possibly HIV/AIDS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
t(11;14) translocation
- Pre-germinal
- Mantle cell
- Cyclin D1
- CD5
- Poor prognosis |
|
|
Term
| starry sky with oil red O |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Burkitt's lymphoma buzzwords |
|
Definition
- “Starry sky,” Oil Red O
- Painful jaw (endemic)
- Swollen abdomen (non-endemic)
- EBV
- Overexpress c-myc
- t(8;14)
- children |
|
|
Term
| Follicular center cell lymphoma buzzwords |
|
Definition
- Follicular pattern
- Butt cells/small cleaved
- Bcl-2 ->failure of apoptosis
- Splenomegaly
- CD20 (Ritxuimab/radiation)
- Disease of accumulation; indolent
- Huge lymphadenopathy
- T(14;18) |
|
|
Term
| Diffuse Large B cell Buzzwords |
|
Definition
- Old
- Hashimoto’s/autoimmune disease
- Decreased lymphocytes
- CD 20
- Diffuse pattern despite germ ctr
- Bcl 6
- Open cytoplasm, large B cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- H. pylori
- Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis
- t(11;18)
- Increase API
- Antibiotics
- CD25+ |
|
|
Term
| Multiple myeloma buzzwords |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increased progenitor division, less apoptosis, faster maturation in marrow of RBC precursors, early release of RBCs from marrow |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| looks like leukemia on blood smear, including blasts and bands, but it's a benign response to an infection or other stressor |
|
|
Term
| prognostic indicators for follicular lymphoma |
|
Definition
| LASH: LDH elevation, Age> 60, Stage 3/4, Hb <12g/dl (anemia). 0-1 is low risk, 2 is intermediate, 3-4 is poor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| caused by IL-6, IL-1, others; Fever, night sweats, weight loss. worse prognosis, adds the "B" to stage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 4Ts: Thyroid, teratoma, Thymoma, Terrible lymphomas (T cell lymphoma, B cell lymphoma, Hodgkins) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mechlorethamine, oncovin (vincristine), procarbazine and prednizone; great for Hodgkins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine; useful for Hodgkins dz to avoid mechlorethamine. good for LOW RISK pts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| indicate poor prognosis for Hodgkins dz |
|
|
Term
| S and E in Hodgkins staging |
|
Definition
| S: splenic involvement. E: extranodal involvement |
|
|
Term
| intermediate risk hodgkins Tx |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| recurrent high fevers every 3-4 days; indicates Hodgkins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| distinctive marker exclusive to plasma cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| AKA M-protein; Ig product of multiple myeloma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance; tends to precede amyloidosis, multiple myeloma, etc. usually in the range of 1g/dL or so. |
|
|
Term
| waldenstrom's macroglubulinemia |
|
Definition
| lots of IgM is produced by a low grade lymphoma-> increased viscosity of blood-> anemia, fatigue, neurologic Sx, bleeding, CHF. |
|
|
Term
| solitary osseous plasmacytoma |
|
Definition
| a single bone lesion caused by sheets of plasma cells, produces monoclonal Ab |
|
|
Term
| mechanism of bone damage in MM |
|
Definition
| myeloma cells bind stromal cells w/ vcams and integrins. RANKL is uncovered, and MM cell releases MIP1 and DKK1 activating osteoclasts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| beta 2 microglobulin; shed HLA light chain elevated by renal failure, important prognostic factor for MM, |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| SPEP, Xrays, marrow aspirate/Bx, UA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rapid onset (days, weeks) malignant clonal event and block to diffitiation= BLASTS. Must be treated immediately and aggressively |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Chronic onset (months years) w/ mature or difftiated cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| WBCs from leukemia occlude blood vessels, more characteristic of acute leukemia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| acute lymphoblastic leukemia; mostly in male children, curable in 70% of children, less so in adults |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Acute myeloid leukemia; mostly in male adults, curable in a minority |
|
|
Term
| Definition of acute leukemia |
|
Definition
| presence of >20% blasts in bone marrow; confirmed w/ immunophenotyping, flow cytometry, molecular genetics, cytogenetics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cytoplasmic inclusions laden w/ cytokines, indicative of AML |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Acute promyelocytic leukemia w/ translocation 15;17 makes PML-RARa fusion gene that causes maturation arrest; lots of purple granules, low fibrinogen, granules initiate coag cascade-> DIC, >90% cure rate w/ ATRA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| all trans retinoic acid, treats APL well, helps overcome block to difftiation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| T cell is worse than B cell ALL |
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|
