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Absence of, without, not Example: Anhidrosis – The absence of sweating, which can result from damage to sweat glands, certain medications, or neurological disorders, potentially leading to overheating or heatstroke.
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| Two or both Ex. ample: Bilateral – Pertaining to both sides, such as a bilateral rash that appears symmetrically on both sides of the body, often associated with systemic conditions like lupus. |
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Through complete Example: Diaphoresis – Excessive sweating, which may be a symptom of fever, physical exertion, or underlying conditions like hyperthyroidism or a heart attack.
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Difficult, painful, abnormal, labored Exa. mple: Dysplasia – Abnormal development or growth of tissue, often referring to precancerous changes in the skin or mucous membranes, such as cervical dysplasia.
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| Upon, on, over Example: Epidermis – The outermost layer of the skin, which acts as a protective barrier against environmental damage, pathogens, and water loss. |
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| Above, excessive Example: Hyperkeratosis – Thickening of the skin’s outer layer due to excessive keratin production, often seen in conditions like psoriasis, calluses, or warts. |
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Deficient, below, under, incomplete Ex. ample: Hypodermic – Pertaining to beneath the skin, often used to describe injections administered into the subcutaneous tissue for rapid absorption of medications.
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| Within, in Example: Intradermal – Within the layers of the skin, as in intradermal injections used for allergy testing or tuberculosis screening. |
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| Change, beyond, after Example: Metaplasia – Transformation of tissue from one type to another, such as the conversion of normal skin cells to a tougher type after chronic irritation or injury. |
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New Example: Neoplasm – A new growth of abnormal tissue, which can be benign (like a mole) or malignant (like melanoma), requiring medical evaluation for treatment.
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| Beside, around, beyond, abnormal Example: Paronychia – Inflammation around a nail, typically caused by bacterial or fungal infection, leading to redness, swelling, and pain in the affected area. |
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| Through Example: Percutaneous – Through the skin, often referring to medical procedures such as percutaneous biopsies or drug administration through patches. |
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| Before Example: Prodromal – Referring to the early symptoms that occur before a disease becomes fully evident, such as tingling before a herpes outbreak or fever before a rash in measles. |
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| Under, below Example: Subcutaneous – Located beneath the skin, as in the subcutaneous fat layer that provides insulation and cushioning to the body. |
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Through, across, beyond Example: Transdermal – Referring to medications applied to the skin that are absorbed into the bloodstream, such as transdermal nicotine patches or hormone replacement therapy.
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| One Example: Unilateral – Pertaining to one side, as in a unilateral skin lesion or rash that affects only one side of the body, often seen in conditions like shingles. |
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| Resembling Example: Xanthoid – Resembling yellow, often describing yellowish discolorations of the skin or lesions. |
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Tumor, swelling Example: Lipoma – A benign tumor composed of fatty tissue, often found under the skin.
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| View of, process of viewing, viewing Example: Biopsy – The process of removing tissue samples for microscopic examination to diagnose skin cancer or other diseases. |
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| Abnormal condition, increased numbers pertaining to blood Example: Erythrodermosis – A condition characterized by widespread redness and peeling of the skin, often linked to disorders such as eczema or psoriasis. |
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| Pertaining to Example: Sebaceous – Pertaining to sebum or oil, such as the sebaceous glands that produce skin oil. |
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| Disease Example: Dermatopathy – A disease of the skin, including conditions like psoriasis or eczema. |
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| Development, growth, condition of formation Example: Hyperplasia – Excessive growth of cells or tissues, which may lead to benign skin growths |
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| Surgical repair Example: Blepharoplasty – A surgical procedure to repair or reshape the eyelids, often performed to remove excess skin or correct drooping eyelids for functional or cosmetic purposes. |
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Flow Example: Seborrhea – Excessive secretion of sebum, leading to oily skin and dandruff. |
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| Excessive discharge Example: Hemorrhage – Excessive bleeding, which may occur externally or internally. |
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| Stop, controlling, standing Example: Hemostasis – The stopping of blood flow, critical in wound healing |
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| Instrument used to cut Example: Dermatome – An instrument used to cut thin slices of skin for grafting or diagnostic purposes. |
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| Toward Example: Cephalad – Toward the head, commonly used to describe directional movement or anatomical orientation. |
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| Pertaining to Example: Dermal – Pertaining to the skin, particularly the dermis layer, which contains blood vessels, nerves, and connective tissue. |
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Berry-shaped Example: Staphylococcus – A type of berry-shaped bacterium that can cause skin infections such as boils, abscesses, or cellulitis.
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| Cell Example: Melanocyte – A pigment-producing cell in the skin responsible for producing melanin, which protects against UV radiation. |
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| Excision Example: Lipectomy – Surgical removal of fat, often performed for cosmetic reasons or to address localized fat deposits. |
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Substance that produces/causes, agent that produces/causes Example: Pathogen – An agent, such as a bacterium, virus, or fungus, that causes diseases, including skin infections like impetigo.
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| producing, originating, causing Example: Carcinogenic – Producing cancer, often describing substances like UV rays or tobacco that can lead to skin or other cancers. |
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| Condition of, diseased state, abnormal state Example: Alopecia – A condition of hair loss that autoimmune diseases, genetic factors, or treatments like chemotherapy can cause. |
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| Inflammation Example: Dermatitis – Inflammation of the skin, which may result from allergic reactions, irritants, or infections. |
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| Specialist who studies and treats Example: Dermatologist – A medical specialist who diagnoses and treats skin disorders such as acne, eczema, and skin cancer. |
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| Study of Example: Dermatology – The study of the skin, including its structure, function, and diseases. |
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Softening Example: Onychomalacia – Softening of the nails, which can occur due to fungal infections or malnutrition.
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| cutane/o, derm/o, dermat/o |
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Incision and Drainage; Irrigation and Debridement |
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Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus |
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Systemic Lupus Erythematosus |
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Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis |
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| A rare form of cancer affecting blood vessels, presenting as purple, red, or brown lesions on the skin and mucous membranes. Commonly associated with HIV/AIDS. Identifying Kaposi’s sarcoma can help in diagnosing underlying immune deficiencies. |
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Natural tension lines in the skin that indicate the direction of underlying collagen fibers. These lines are crucial for surgeons to minimize scarring and optimize healing when making incisions.
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