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lesson 4 termanology
muscular system
101
Medical
Undergraduate 1
11/04/2026
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Term
Lesson 4 Musculoskeletal Flashcard Deck
 Definition
Term
SECTION 1 — 13 MUSCULOSKELETAL PREFIXES
 Definition
Term
1. ab
 Definition
away from
Term
2. ad
 Definition
toward
Term
3. ante
 Definition
before; in front of
Term
4. bi
 Definition
two; double
Term
5. brady
 Definition
slow
Term
6. dys
 Definition
bad; painful; difficult; abnormal
Term
7. hyper
 Definition
above normal; excessive
Term
8. hypo
 Definition
below normal; deficient
Term
9. inter
 Definition
between
Term
10. intra
 Definition
within
Term
11. peri- —
 Definition
around
Term
12. poly- —
 Definition
many; much
Term
13. sub- —
 Definition
under; below
Term
SECTION 2 — 26 MUSCULOSKELETAL SUFFIXES
 Definition
Term
1. -algia
 Definition
pain
Term
2. -centesis
 Definition
surgical puncture to remove fluid
Term
3. -desis
 Definition
binding; surgical fusion
Term
4. -ectomy
 Definition
surgical removal
Term
5. -emia
 Definition
blood condition
Term
6. -graphy
 Definition
process of recording
Term
7. -itis
 Definition
inflammation
Term
8. -logy
 Definition
study of
Term
9. -lysis
 Definition
breakdown; destruction; separation
Term
10. -malacia
 Definition
abnormal softening
Term
11. -oma
 Definition
tumor; mass
Term
12. -osis
 Definition
abnormal condition
Term
13. -otomy
 Definition
incision into
Term
14. -pathy
 Definition
disease
Term
15. -penia
 Definition
deficiency; decrease
Term
16. -plasty
 Definition
surgical repair
Term
17. -plegia
 Definition
paralysis
Term
18. -porosis
 Definition
porous condition
Term
19. -rrhaphy
 Definition
surgical suturing
Term
20. -rrhexis
 Definition
rupture
Term
21. -scope
 Definition
instrument used for visual examination
Term
22. -scopy
 Definition
process of visual examination
Term
23. -stasis
 Definition
stopping; controlling
Term
24. -tome
 Definition
instrument used to cut
Term
25. -tomy
 Definition
incision; cutting into
Term
26. -trophy
 Definition
development; nourishment
Term
SECTION 3 — 37 MUSCULOSKELETAL ROOT WORDS
 Definition
Term
1. arthr/o —
 Definition
joint
Term
2. burs/o — bursa;
 Definition
fluid-filled sac near a joint
Term
3. carp/o —
 Definition
wrist
Term
4. chondr/o —
 Definition
cartilage
Term
5. clavicul/o —
 Definition
clavicle; collarbone
Term
6. cost/o —
 Definition
rib
Term
7. crani/o — skull
 Definition
Term
8. femor/o —
 Definition
femur; thigh bone
Term
9. fibul/o —
 Definition
fibula
Term
10. humer/o —
 Definition
humerus; upper arm bone
Term
11. ili/o —
 Definition
ilium; part of the pelvis
Term
12. ischi/o —
 Definition
ischium; part of the pelvis
Term
13. kyph/o —
 Definition
humpback; posterior curvature
Term
14. lamin/o —
 Definition
lamina
Term
15. lord/o —
 Definition
swayback; anterior curvature
Term
16. lumb/o —
 Definition
lower back; lumbar region
Term
17. menisc/o —
 Definition
meniscus
Term
18. my/o —
 Definition
muscle
Term
19. myel/o —
 Definition
bone marrow; spinal cord
Term
20. oste/o —
 Definition
bone
Term
21. patell/o —
 Definition
patella; kneecap
Term
22. pelv/i —
 Definition
pelvis
Term
23. phalang/o —
 Definition
phalanges; finger or toe bones
Term
24. radi/o —
 Definition
radius; forearm bone
Term
25. sacr/o —
 Definition
sacrum
Term
26. scoli/o —
 Definition
crooked; bent
Term
27. spondyl/o —
 Definition
vertebra
Term
28. stern/o —
 Definition
sternum; breastbone
Term
29. synov/o —
 Definition
synovial membrane or fluid
Term
30. tars/o —
 Definition
ankle; tarsal bones
Term
31. ten/o —
 Definition
tendon
Term
32. tendin/o —
 Definition
tendon
Term
33. tibi/o —
 Definition
tibia; shin bone
Term
34. uln/o —
 Definition
ulna; forearm bone
Term
35. vertebr/o —
 Definition
vertebra; backbone
Term
36. fasci/o —
 Definition
fascia; fibrous connective tissue
Term
37. ligament/o —
 Definition
ligament
Term
SECTION 4 — 19 MUSCULOSKELETAL ABBREVIATIONS, ACRONYMS, AND EPONYMS
 Definition
Term
1. ACL —
 Definition
anterior cruciate ligament
Term
2. BMD —
 Definition
bone mineral density
Term
3. C-spine —
 Definition
cervical spine
Term
4. CT —
 Definition
computed tomography
Term
5. DEXA / DXA —
 Definition
dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry
Term
6. EMG —
 Definition
electromyography
Term
7. Fx —
 Definition
fracture
Term
8. L-spine —
 Definition
lumbar spine
Term
9. MRI —
 Definition
magnetic resonance imaging
Term
10. NSAID —
 Definition
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
Term
11. OA —
 Definition
osteoarthritis
Term
12. ORIF —
 Definition
open reduction and internal fixation
Term
13. PCL —
 Definition
posterior cruciate ligament
Term
14. RA —
 Definition
rheumatoid arthritis
Term
15. ROM —
 Definition
range of motion
Term
16. TKA —
 Definition
total knee arthroplasty
Term
17. THA —
 Definition
total hip arthroplasty
Term
18. Erb palsy —
 Definition
brachial plexus injury causing weakness or paralysis of the shoulder and arm
Term
19. Achilles tendon —
 Definition
large tendon connecting the calf muscles to the heel bone; named after Achilles
Term
Total cards: 95
 Definition
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