-al: Pertaining to                                  Suffix

Exz. Femoral- Pertainingnto the femur, the largest bone in the body,located in the thigh.

-algia: Pain                                 Suffix

Exz: Myalgis- Pain in a muscle, often caused by overuse, injury or systemic conditions like fibromyalgaia.

-ar: Pertaining to                                  Suffix

EXZ: Patellar- Pertaining to the kneecap ( patella) a small bone that protects the knee joint and assists in movement.

- asthenia: Weakness                           Suffix

EXZ: Myasthenia- Muscle weakness commonly associated with conditions like myasthenia gravis, as autoimmune disorder affecting neuromscular function.

-Centensis: Surgical puncture to aspirate fluid.      suffix

EXZ: Arthrocentesis- Surgical puncture of a joint to remove fluid for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes, often used to relieve swelling or analyze joint conditions.

-clasia: Break                                         Sufffix

EXZ: Osteoclasia- Surgical breaking of bone tissue to correct deformities or aid in the healing process in severe cases.

-clasia: Break                                         Sufffix

EXZ: Osteoclasia- Surgical breaking of bone tissue to correct deformities or aid in the healing process in severe cases.

-clesis: Surgical fixation, fusion                         suffix

EXZ: Arthrodesis- Surgical fusion of a joint to provide stability & reduce pain, often used for severe arthritis.

-clast: Break                                                     suffix

EXZ: Osteoclust- A specialized bone cell that breaks down tissue during bone remodeling and repair.

-desis: Surgical fixation, fusion                              suffix

EXZ: Arthrodesis- Surgical fusion of a joint to provide stability and reduce pain, often performed to treat chronic tendon inflammation.

-ectomy- Excision, surgical removal, cutting out.    suffix

EXZ: Tenectomy- Surgical removal of part of a tendon, often performed to treat chronic tendon inflammation or injury.

-gram: The record, radiographic image.                     suffix

EXZ: Myogram- A record of muscle contraction activity, often used to diagnose neuromuscular disorders.

_graphy: Process of recording radiographic imaging.  suffix

EXZ: Arthrography- Imaging of a joint using contrast dye to assess joint structures such as cartilage, ligament, and bones.

_ic: Pertaining to                                             suffix

EXZ: Thoracic- Pertaining to the thorax ( chest), which houses the lungs, heart and other vital structures.

-lysis: Loosening, seperating dissolution.                  suffix

EXZ: Osteolysis- Destruction or dissolution of bone tissue, often in conditions like bone metastasis or infection.

-malacia- Softening                                           suffix

EXZ: Chondromalacia- softening of cartilage, particularly in the knee, leading to pain and difficulty with movement.

-oid: Resembling                                               suffix

EXZ: Myeloid- Resembling bone marrow, often used to describe cells or tissues related to hemataopoiesis.

_-oma- Turmor                                                 suffix

EXZ: Rhabdomyoma- A benign tumor of muscle tissue typically found in the heart or skeletal muscle.

-osis: Abnormal condition                                      suffix

EXZ: Scoliosis- Abnormal curvature of the spine, which can cause back pain, reduced mobility, and postural issues.

-penia:                                     suffix

Abnormal reduction

EXZ: Sarcopenia, loss of muscle mass and strength, often associated with aging, inactivity, or poor nutrition.

-physis: Growth                                                    suffix

EXZ: Epiphysis- The growth end of a long bone, critical during childhood and adolescence for bone elongation.

-plasty: Surgical repair                                        suffix

EXZ: Myoplasty- Surgical repair or reconstruction of damaged or muscle tissue.     

-rraphy: Suturing, repairing                              suffix

EXZ: Tenorrhaphy- Suturing of a torn or severed tendon to restore function and stability.

-sarcoma: Malignant tumor                                       suffix

EXZ: Osteosarcoma- A malignant bone adults, requiring surgical and medical treatment.

-scopy- Process of viewing, visual examination      suffix

EXZ: Arthroscopy- Visual examination of a joint using a specialized instrument to diagnose and treat joint conditions.

-tomy: Incision, cut into                                       suffix

EXZ: Myotomy- Surgical incision into a muscle, often performed to relieve tightness or muscle disorders.

-trophy- Nourishment, development                 suffix

EXZ: Hypertrophy- Excessive development of tissue or an organ, commonly referring to increased muscle size due to exercise or compensatory growth.

a-: Absence of, without                                   prefix

Exz: Atrophy- Wasting away or reduction in muscle size due to lack of use, or resulting from prolonged immobility, nerve damage or muscle disease.

ab-: Away from                                                prefix

EXZ: Abduction- movement of a limb from the midline of the body, such as raising the arm or leg to the side, common in physical therapy and exercise routines.

ad-: Toward                                          prefix

EXZ: Adduction- Movement of a limb toward the midline of the body, such as bringing the arm back to it's resting position after abduction.

brady-: Slow                                                     prefix

EXZ. Bradykinesia- slowness of movement, often a symptom of neurological disorders like Parkinson's disease, affecting motor function and coordination.

hyper-: Above, excessive                               prefix

EXZ: Hypertonia- Excessive muscle tone resulting in stiffness or rigidity, commonly seen in conditions like cerebral palsy or stroke.

inter-: Between                                                   prefix

EXZ: Intervertebral disc -A fibrocartilaginous structure are located between the vertebrae of the spine, providing cushioning and flexibility.

intra-: Within                                                prefix

Exz: Intramuscular injection- An injection administered directly into a muscle, commonly used for vaccines or medication delivery.

poly-; Many, much                                               prefix

Exz: Subscapularis muscle- A muscle located below the scapula  (shoulderblade) playing a key role in shoulder rotation and stabilizer.

sub-: Below, under                                      prefix

EXZ: The subscapularis is a muscle located below the scapula(shoulder blade) playing a key role in shoulder rotation and stabilization.

supra-: Above                                               prefix

EXZ: Superaptellar- refers to the area above the patella (kneecap), commonly associated with the suprapatellar bursa, which reduces friction and allows smooth movement of the quadriceps tendon over the femur.

sym-: Together, joined                                             prefix

Exz: Symphysis pubis- A cartilaginous joint where the two pubic bones meet in the pelvis, allowing slight movement for childbirth and pelvic flexibility.

syn-: Together, joined                                          prefix

EXZ: Synarthrosis. A type of immovable joint where bones are joined together, such as in the skull, providing stability and protection to vital organs.

BDT= Bone Density Testing

A diagnostic test used to measure bone mineral density and determine the strength of bones. It is commonly used to diagnose conditions such as osteoporosis and assess fracture risk. Techniques include dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)

CTS= Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

A condition caused by compression of the median nerve as it passes through the carpal tunnel in the wrist. Symptoms include pain, numbness, and tingling in the hand and fingers, often associated with repetitive motions like typing or assembly work.

EMG= ELECTROMYOGRAPGY

A DIAGNOSIS PROCEDURE THAT MEASURES THE ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY OF MUSCLES IN RESPONSE TO NERVE STIMULATION. EMG IS USED TO EVALUATE MUSCLE WEAKNESS, NERVE DYSFUNCTION OT NEUROMUSCULAR.

MD= Muscular Dystrophy

A group of genetic disorders that cause progressive muscle  weakness and degeneration. Types of muscular dystrophy include Duchenne muscular dystrophy (most common) and Becker muscular dystrophy, among others

MG= Myasthenia Gravis

A chronic autoimmune disorder that disrupts communication between nerves and muscles, leading to muscle weakness, difficulty swallowing, and fatigue with (Ptosis) activity.

OA= Osteoartritis

A degenerative joint disease caused by the breakdown of cartilage within joints such as the knees, hips, and spine.

OP=OSTEOPOROSI

A condition characterized by a decrease in bone density, making bones weak, brittle, and more prone to fractures. It often affects older adults, especially postmenopausal women, due to reduced levels of estrogen.

OT= Occupational Therapy

A therapeutic approach focused on enabling individuals to perform meaningful daily activities and tasks despite injury, illness, or disability, OT helps patients regain independence in activities of daily living and adapt to physical or cognitive limitations.

PKR= Partial Knee Replacement

A surgical procedure in which not only the damaged part of the knee joint is replaced, but also localized arthritis in one compartment of the knee.

PMR= POLYMYLGIA RHUEMATIC

An inflammatory disorder that causes muscle pain and stiffness, particularly in older adults, and is often associated with systemic inflammation, such as in giant cell arteries.

RA= Rheumatoid Arthritis

A chronic autoimmune disease in the joints, leading to pain, swelling, stiffness, RA often affects smaller joints and can involve systemic symptoms like fatigue and fever.

ROM= Range Of Motion

The extent of movement a joint or muscle can achieve in various directions. It is often assessed in physical therapy, injury evaluation, or post-surgery rehabilitation to determine joint health or progress of recovery. 

RSD= Repetitive Stress Disorder

A condition caused by repetitive motion or overuse of muscle, tendone or nerves, leading to pain, tennis elbow, and carpal tunnel sundrome.

THR= Total hip Replacement

A surgical procedure in which the damaged hip joint is replaced with a prosthesis, THR is often performed for severe function and relieving pain.

TKR= Total Knee Replacement

A surgical procedure in which the entire knee joint is replaced with a prosthetic TKR, is used to treat severe arthritis or joint damage that significantly impacts mobility and quality of life.

Achilles Tendon

Named after: Achilies a hero of greek methodology.

The tendon that connects the calf muscle(gastrocnemius and soleus) to the heel bone (calcaneus). It plays a critical role in walking, running, and jumping. Frequently injured in sports, leading to conditions such as Achilles tendinitis orrupture.

Paget's Disease of Bone

Named after: Sir James British surgeon

Achronic bone disorder causing abnormal bone remodeling, leading to weakened, enlarged and deformed bones. It commonly affects the pelvis,skull, spine, and legs. Early diagnosis is essential to prevent fractures and manage symptoms.

Baker's Cyst

Named after: William Morrant Baker, A Brittish surgeon 

A fluid sac located behind the knee, often resulting from joint inflammation or conditions like arthritis. A Baker's Cyst is common in patients with osteoarthritis or knee injury. It can cause swelling, discomfort, and limited knee movement.

Erb's Palsy A German neurologist

Named after Wilhelm Heinrich Erb.

A condition caused by injury to the brachial plexus during birth or trauma. It leads to weakness or paralysis in the shoulder and elbow muscles. Early diagnosis and intervention through physical therapy are essential for improving outcomes in affected individuals.