Term
| Ordo Senatorius (Optimates) |
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Definition
| the senatorial order, members either officials or descended from officials, prevented by law from engaging in business |
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Definition
| the equestrian order, consisted of those who possessed at least $20,000 (businessmen, bankers, publicani {tax collectors in the provinces}) |
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| Ordo Plebeius (Plebs, or Populares) |
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Definition
| the plebeian order, the rest of freeborn citizens (small tradesmen, manual workers, peasants) |
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Definition
| freedmen or ex-slaves, could vote and own property, could not hold office |
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Definition
| colonies, members enjoyed full citizenship |
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| self-governing towns, subject to taxation and military service |
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Definition
| federated communities, enjoyed special treaty privileges with Rome |
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| organized into centuries (group of one hundred) that each possessed one vote, elected higher magistrates (consuls, praetors, censors); could declare war; met in the Campus Martius |
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Definition
| Rome's two legislative assemblies |
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Definition
| organized into tribes, each possessing one vote; chief legislative body; elected tribunes, quaestors, aediles, and minor officials; met in either the Forum or Campus Martius |
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Definition
| mass meeting called by magistrate to discuss an issue before it went before the comitia |
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Definition
| Roman Senate, whose members held office for life |
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Definition
| peace treaties, governor appointments, declare war (approval from C. Cent.), levy troops, control financial matters, celebrating generals and religious festivals |
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Definition
| ordinary decree of the Senate |
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Term
| senatus consultum ultimum |
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Definition
| granting consuls dictatorial power |
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Definition
| must be 43+, presided over Senate and assemblies, two of them |
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Definition
| consul-elect; after election, before taking office |
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Definition
| ex-consul; often sent to a province as a proconsul |
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Definition
| 40+, eight total, served as judges in civil and criminal cases; after holding office, sent to provinces as a propraetor |
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Definition
| 30+, twenty total, public treasurers |
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Definition
| not part of cursus honorum, came after quaestorship, four total, popularity for higher office, sponsored public games and festivals, care of streets and public buildings |
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| two, ex-consuls, every 5 years for a year and a half, take census, assess property, supervise public morals, collection of taxes |
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Definition
| ten total, defended interests of plebs, could veto any decree or law passed by Senate or assemblies, convene and preside over Senate |
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Definition
| absolute power for 6 months |
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Definition
| priest, 15 total, pontifex maximus, religious matters, regulated calendar, appointed flamines (services of particular gods) |
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| augur, 15 total, birds in flight, omens |
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Definition
| sacred colleges: pontifices, augures, fetiales |
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Definition
| heralds, 20 total, declaration of war and ratification of peace |
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