Term
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Definition
| Painful, abnormal, difficult, labored Example: Dyspepsia – Difficult or painful digestion, often referred to as indigestion, characterized by symptoms like bloating, nausea, or heartburn. |
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Term
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Definition
| Within, in Example: Endogastric – A term referring to something occurring within the stomach, such as an endogastric procedure that involves accessing the interior of the stomach for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Surgical removal of half of the stomach, typically performed to treat severe ulcers or stomach cancer. |
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Term
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Definition
| Excessive or above normal Example: Hypergastrinemia – A condition involving excessive levels of gastrin (a digestive hormone) in the blood, which can lead to overproduction of stomach acid and conditions like Zollinger-Ellison syndrome |
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Definition
| Below normal or deficient Example: Hypoglycemia – A condition characterized by abnormally low blood sugar levels, often causing symptoms like dizziness, weakness, and confusion, and requiring prompt treatment with glucose |
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Term
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Definition
| Bad or poor Example: Malabsorption – Poor absorption of nutrients in the digestive tract, which can result from conditions like celiac disease, Crohn’s disease, or chronic pancreatitis, leading to malnutrition. |
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Term
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Definition
| Beside, near, or abnormal Example: Paracolitis – Inflammation occurring near or adjacent to the colon, often associated with diverticulitis or infections. |
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Term
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Definition
| Around or surrounding Example: Perigastric – Pertaining to the area around the stomach, often used to describe inflammation, abscesses, or surgical observations in this region. |
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Term
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Definition
| Under, below Example: Sublingual – Situated under the tongue, often referring to medications that dissolve beneath the tongue for quick absorption. |
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Term
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Definition
| Across or through Example: Transgastric – Referring to procedures or conditions that occur through the stomach, such as a transgastric endoscopic procedure used for accessing abdominal organs. |
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Term
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Definition
| Enlargment of the liver, often caused by infections or cancer |
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Term
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Definition
| Abdomen, abdominal cavity Example: Laparoscopy – A minimally invasive surgical procedure used to view and treat abdominal or pelvic conditions. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hernia, protrusion of an organ through a membrane or cavity wall Example: Herniorrhaphy – Surgical repair of a hernia to reposition the protruding organ and strengthen the surrounding tissue. |
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Term
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Definition
| Tongue Example: Sublingual – Situated under the tongue, often referring to the administration of medications for rapid absorption |
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Definition
| Mouth Example: Oral – Pertaining to the mouth, such as in oral hygiene practices. |
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Definition
| surgical repair of the palate. |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the pancrease |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the peritoneum |
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Term
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Definition
| surgical removal of polyp. |
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Definition
| inflammation of the rectum. |
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Term
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Definition
| surgical repair of the pylortic sphincter |
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Term
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Definition
| a bulging of the rectum into the vaginal wall. |
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Term
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Definition
| Inflammation of a salivary gland, often caused by bacterial infections or blockages. |
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Term
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Definition
| Fat Example: Steatorrhea – Excess fat in stool, often a sign of malabsorption disorders like celiac disease or chronic pancreatitis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Inflammation of the mouth, which can result from infections, irritants, or systemic diseases. |
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Term
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Definition
| Surgical removal of the uvula, often performed to treat snoring or sleep apnea. |
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Term
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Definition
| Dryness of the mouth caused by reduced saliva production, often associated with certain medications or medical conditions. |
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Term
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Definition
| Surgical repair or reconstruction of the abdomen, often referred to as a "tummy tuck." |
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Term
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Definition
| Surgical repair of the anus, often performed to treat congenital defects or damage caused by trauma. |
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Term
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Definition
| Surgical removal of the antrum, a part of the stomach, often done to treat ulcers or cancer. |
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Term
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Definition
| Appendix Example: Appendectomy – Surgical removal of the appendix, typically performed in cases of appendicitis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Appendix Example: Appendicitis – Inflammation of the appendix, often causing abdominal pain and requiring surgical intervention. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cecum Example: Cecopexy – Surgical fixation of the cecum, often performed to correct volvulus (twisting of the bowel). |
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Term
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Definition
| Abdomen, abdominal cavity Example: Celiotomy – Surgical incision into the abdominal cavity, often performed to explore or treat abdominal conditions. |
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Term
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Definition
| Inflammation of the lips, often caused by irritation, infection, or nutritional deficiencies. |
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Term
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Definition
| nflammation of the gallbladder, commonly caused by gallstones blocking the bile ducts |
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Term
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Definition
| Common bile duct Example: Choledocholithiasis – The presence of stones in the common bile duct, often requiring removal to restore bile flow. |
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Definition
| Inflammation of the colon, which can cause symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, and cramping. |
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Term
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Definition
| Inflammation of the intestines, often caused by infection or irritants. |
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Term
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Definition
| Esophagus Example: Esophagitis – Inflammation of the esophagus, often resulting from acid reflux or infections. |
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Term
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Definition
| Stomach Example: Gastrectomy – Surgical removal of part or all of the stomach, typically to treat ulcers, cancer, or severe obesity |
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Term
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Definition
| Gum Example: Gingivitis – Inflammation of the gums, often caused by poor oral hygiene or bacterial infection. |
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Term
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Definition
| Tongue Example: Glossitis is inflammation of the tongue that can cause swelling, redness, and pain. It is often caused by infections or nutritional deficiencies |
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Term
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Definition
| Pertaining to the abdomen, often used in conditions like celiac disease, an autoimmune disorder where the ingestion of gluten damages the small intestine. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pertaining to the colon and rectum, often used in the context of colorectal cancer or surgeries. |
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Term
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Definition
| A hernia of the stomach, often resulting from a weakness in the diaphragm or abdominal wall. |
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Term
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Definition
| A procedure involving the surgical puncture of the abdomen to remove excess fluid, commonly performed in cases of ascites. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pertaining to the esophagus, such as in esophageal reflux, where stomach acid flows back into the esophagus |
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Definition
| Surgical removal of the appendix, often performed in cases of appendicitis. |
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Term
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Definition
| The record, radiographic image Example: Cholangiogram – A radiographic image of the bile ducts obtained using contrast material, often performed during Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) to assess blockages or other abnormalities in the bile ducts. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of recording the electrical activity of the stomach to assess its motility and function, often used to diagnose conditions like gastroparesis or dyspepsia.. |
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Term
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Definition
| Condition of, diseased state, abnormal state Example: Dyspepsia – A condition of impaired digestion, often characterized by bloating, discomfort, and nausea. |
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Term
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Definition
| Condition Example: Cholelithiasis – A condition involving the presence of gallstones in the gallbladder, which can cause pain and blockages |
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Term
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Definition
| Pertaining to the liver, as in hepatic function tests, which evaluate liver health. |
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Term
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Definition
| Inflammation of the stomach lining, often caused by infections, medications, or alcohol use. |
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Term
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Definition
| Gastroenterologist – A specialist who diagnoses and treats disorders of the digestive system, including the stomach, intestines, and liver. |
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Term
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Definition
| The study of the liver, including diseases such as hepatitis and cirrhosis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Softening of the esophageal walls, often caused by chronic acid reflux (GERD), prolonged inflammation, or structural weakness, which may lead to difficulty swallowing (dysphagia) or esophageal collapse. |
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Term
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Definition
| Enlargement Example: Hepatomegaly – Enlargement of the liver, which can occur in conditions like fatty liver disease or hepatitis. |
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Term
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Definition
| A tumor that secretes gastrin, often associated with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, leading to excessive stomach acid production |
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Term
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Definition
| Abnormal condition Example: Diverticulosis – A condition where small pouches form in the colon wall, which can become inflamed (diverticulitis). |
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Term
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Definition
| A disease of the stomach, often referring to damage caused by chronic use of NSAIDs or alcohol. |
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Term
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Definition
| Eating or swallowing Example: Dysphagia – Difficulty swallowing, which can result from conditions affecting the esophagus or nervous system. |
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Term
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Definition
| Surgical repair or widening of the pyloric sphincter to improve the passage of food from the stomach to the small intestine. |
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Term
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Definition
| Prolapse or downward displacement of the stomach, often caused by weakened abdominal muscles. |
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Term
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Definition
| Suturing, repairing Example: Herniorrhaphy – Surgical repair of a hernia, often performed to reinforce the abdominal wall. |
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Term
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Definition
| Flow, discharge Example: Diarrhea – Frequent, watery bowel movements, often caused by infections, medications, or food intolerances. |
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Term
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Definition
| An instrument used to visualize the interior of the colon during a colonoscopy. |
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Term
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Definition
| Process of viewing, visualization Example: Endoscopy – The process of visualizing the digestive tract using a flexible tube with a camera. |
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Term
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Definition
| A surgical procedure to create an opening from the colon to the abdominal surface for waste eliminatio |
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Term
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Definition
| A surgical incision into the abdominal cavity, often performed to diagnose or treat abdominal conditions |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- A diagnostic procedure in which a flexible endoscope is used to examine the esophagus, stomach, and upper part of the small intestine (duodenum).
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Definition
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Definition
- A chronic condition in which stomach acid or bile flows back into the esophagus, causing symptoms such as heartburn, regurgitation, and difficulty swallowing.
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Definition
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Definition
- A condition in which a portion of the intestine or abdominal tissue protrudes through a weak spot in the inguinal canal, causing a bulge in the groin.
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Term
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Definition
| inflammatory Bowel Disease |
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Term
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Definition
- A tube inserted through the nose into the stomach, used for feeding, administering medications, or draining stomach contents.
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Term
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Definition
- A condition characterized by excess fat accumulation in the liver not caused by alcohol consumption, often associated with obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome.
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Definition
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Definition
- A method of providing nutrition intravenously, bypassing the digestive tract, often used in patients with severe gastrointestinal conditions or after surgery.
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Definition
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Definition
- Named After: Johann Conrad Brunner, a Swiss anatomist. Glands in the duodenum that secrete alkaline mucus to protect the intestinal lining. These glands help neutralize stomach acid in the small intestine, playing a key role in preventing damage to the intestinal mucosa.
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Term
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Definition
- A chronic inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract, often affecting the ileum and colon. Symptoms include abdominal pain, diarrhea, weight loss, and malnutrition. It is a type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
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Term
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Definition
- Named After: Augustin Nicolas Gilbert, a French physician.
- A hereditary liver disorder resulting in mildly elevated bilirubin levels, typically without significant symptoms. It is often detected incidentally during routine blood tests and is usually benign.
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Term
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Definition
| A complex surgical procedure that involves removing the head of the pancreas, part of the small intestine, the gallbladder, and the bile duct. It is performed primarily to treat pancreatic cancer or other diseases affecting the pancreas and nearby organs. |
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Term
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Definition
| Albumin Example: Albuminuria – The presence of albumin (a type of protein) in the urine, often a sign of kidney damage or disease, such as nephrotic syndrome. |
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Term
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Definition
| Urea, nitrogen Example: Azotemia – An elevated level of urea and other nitrogenous waste products in the blood, typically resulting from kidney dysfunction. |
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Term
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Definition
| A cancerous tumor of the kidney that arises from immature kidney cells, also known as Wilms tumor, commonly found in children. |
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Term
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Definition
| nflammation of the urinary bladder, often caused by bacterial infection, leading to frequent and painful urination. |
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Term
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Definition
| Inflammation of the glomeruli, the tiny filtering units in the kidneys, which can lead to kidney dysfunction or failure. |
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Definition
| Excess sugar in the urine, commonly associated with uncontrolled diabetes or kidney filtration issues. |
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Term
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Definition
| The swelling of a kidney due to a buildup of urine caused by obstruction in the urinary tract. |
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Term
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Definition
| The formation or presence of kidney stones, often causing severe pain and urinary obstruction. |
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Term
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Definition
| Surgical removal of a kidney, often performed due to cancer, trauma, or severe infection. |
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Term
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Definition
| Involuntary urination during sleep, commonly known as bedwetting. This condition is most often seen in children, but it can also occur in adults due to medical issues such as diabetes, bladder dysfunction, or neurological disorders. |
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Term
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Definition
| The presence of pus in the urine, indicating a urinary tract infection or kidney infection. |
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Term
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Definition
| Inflammation of the renal pelvis, often caused by bacterial infections ascending from the bladder. |
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Term
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Definition
| The inability of the kidneys to filter waste products and balance fluids and electrolytes in the body. |
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