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Lesson 15 - The Urinary System
Urology for the medical assistant
57
Medical
Undergraduate 1
04/30/2010

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Term
Anuria
Definition
Absence of urine production.
Term
Bacteriuria
Definition
Bacteria in the urine
Term
Dialysis
Definition
Artificial filtration of bodily fluids
Term
Dysuria
Definition
Painful or difficult urination
Term
Filtrate
Definition
Mixture of water, electolytes, urea and more that are filtered in the glomerulus.
Term
Glycosuria
Definition
Sugar in the urine
Term
Hematuria
Definition
Blood in the urine
Term
Hemodialysis
Definition
Artificial means of removing waste from the blood with a machine.
Term
Nephritis
Definition
Inflammation of the kidney
Term
Oliguria
Definition
Producing less urine than normal.
Term
Peritoneal Dialysis
Definition
Dialysis using the lining of the peritoneal cavity (abdomen) as a filter.
Term
Polyuria
Definition
Excessive urination
Term
Pyuria
Definition
Pus in the urine
Term
Renal Colic
Definition
Pain that extends from the flank to the abdomen or groin area.
Term
Stent
Definition
Device that holds tissue in place to maintain an opening.
Term
nephr/o
Definition
Kidney
Term
ARF
Definition
Acute Renal Failure
Term
BUN
Definition
Blood Urea Nitrogen
Term
CRF
Definition
Chronic Renal Failure
Term
ESRD
Definition
End-Stage Renal Disease
Term
GFR
Definition
Glomerular Filtration Rate
Term
KUB
Definition
Kidney, Ureter, Bladder
Term
UA
Definition
Urinalysis
Term
UTI
Definition
Urinary Tract Infection
Term
List the journey of waste from the bloodstream to urination.
Definition
Kidneys (nephron and glomerulus), renal pelvis, ureters, bladder, and urethra
Term
What are the functions of the urinary system?
Definition
Filtration, disposing of waste, regulating blood pressure, and regulating fluid levels.
Term
What is a nephron and what does it do?
Definition
There are over a million nephrons in each kidney. Each is a unit of an arteriole, venule, glomerulus, and ducts for urine. Each unit is responsible for filtration of the blood and is where the urine is formed.
Term
What is a glomerulus and what does it do?
Definition
There is a glomerulus in every nephron. It is a cluster of capilaries that does the actual filtering of the blood in the nephron.
Term
Glomerulus
Definition
The filter of the nephron
Term
What is the function of the ureter?
Definition
Transporting urine from the kidney to the bladder.
Term
What is the function of the urinary bladder?
Definition
It stores the urine until it is time to excrete it. It also gives the urge to urinate.
Term
What is the function of the urethra.
Definition
It is the passageway for elimination.
Term
How much blood is filtered per day?
Definition
180 liters
Term
What hormones control the production of urine?
Definition
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and aldosterone.
Term
What is the pH of urine?
Definition
Average is about 6
Term
How should normal, healthy urine appear and smell?
Definition
It should be clear and odorless.
Term
Bacterial cystitis and urethritis
Definition
Bacterial infection and inflammation of the bladder and urethra. They usually exist together and are commonly called urinary tract infection (UTI). Definitive diagnosis is with a urinalysis. UTI is more common in women than men because of their short urethra.
Term
What are some things that can be done to help prevent urinary tract infections (UTI)?
Definition
Drink lots of fluids, urinate soon after sexual intercourse, wipe from front to back after bowel movements and avoid wearing tight-fitting underwear.
Term
Pyelonephritis
Definition
Infection and inflammation of the renal pelvis and surrounding tissue. More common in women because of their shorter urethra.
Term
Glomerulonephritis
Definition
Inflammation of the glomeruli in the kidneys. The cause is unknown, although it is often connected with an upper respiratory infection.
Term
Bladder Cancer
Definition
Most common urinary tract cancer. A common form of cancer in developed countries. Most common symptom is urine in the blood.
Term
Renal Cancer
Definition
Cancer of the kidneys. Five year survival rates for patients with renal cancer varis from 94% to 40%.
Term
Wilms Tumor
Definition
Known as neproblatoma. A type of kidney cancer that is most common in children. Survival rate is around 90%.
Term
Hydronephrosis
Definition
A condition where the renal pelvis becomes stretched due to blockage of urine outflow. Treatment is usually aimed at the underlying cause.
Term
Polycystic Kidney Disease
Definition
A hereditary progressive disease where cysts develop in the kidney over time, damaging the tissue. There is no cure. Chronic renal failure may occure later in life due to PKD.
Term
Renal Calculi
Definition
Also known as kidney stones, which are hardened mineral salts that can block parts of the kidney or ureter. Prognosis is good.
Term
Acute Renal Failure
Definition
Rapid loss of kidney function usually due to some sort of damage to the kidney. primary symptom can be oliguria or anuria depending on the severity of the damage.
Term
Chronic Renal Failure
Definition
The progressive loss of kidney function over time, usually as a result from a disease such as diabetes and hypertension.
Term
Catheterization
Definition
Inserting of a drainage tube into the bladder to drain urine.
Term
Name and explain the function for the different types of catheters.
Definition
Straight: Used short term to drain urine or collect a sample.
Indwelling: Used when the catheter needs to stay in for longer periods.
Coude: Used for male patients with an enlarged prostrate.
Fem-cath: Used for females for collecting samples.
Term
When can a medical assistant perform a catheterization.
Definition
When they have been trained and have been ordered by a physician to do perform one.
Term
Urinalysis
Definition
Laboratory analysis of urine
Term
What disease is likely if there is glucose present in the urine.
Definition
Diabetes
Term
Cystoscopy
Definition
Visual examination of the bladder.
Term
Creatinine Test
Definition
A blood test for creatinine levels that help determine liver function.
Term
Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) Test
Definition
A blood test that measure for nitrogen in the blood to see how well its level is being maintained by the kidneys.
Term
What are the two most common blood tests for kidney function?
Definition
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) test and creatinine test
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