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CIW IBA Curriculum Lesson 03:
Introduction to Internet Technology
53
Computer Science
Professional
01/13/2014
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Term
Network:
 Definition
A group of two or more computers connected so they can communicate with one another.
Term
Node:
 Definition
Any entity on a network that can be managed, such as a system, repeater, router, gateway, switch or firewall. A computer or other addressable device attached to a network; a host
Term
client:
 Definition
An individual Computer connected to a network. Also, a system or application (such as a Web browser or user agent) that requests a service from another computer (the server) and is used to access files or documents.
Term
Server:
 Definition
A computer in a network that manages the network resources and provides, or serves, information to clients.
Term
(LAN):
 Definition
A group of Computers connected within a confined geographic area.
Term
wide area network (WAN):
 Definition
A group of Computers connected over an expansive geographic area so their users can share files and services.
Term
Internet:
 Definition
A worldwide network of interconnected networks.
Term
Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA):
 Definition
A U.S. Department of Defense agency that created the first global computer network.
Term
Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET):
 Definition
A computer network, funded by ARPA, that served as the basis for early networking research and was the backbone during the development of the Internet
Term
National Science Foundation (NSF):
 Definition
An independent agency of the U.S. government that promotes the advancement of science and engineering.
Term
Backbone:
 Definition
The highest level in the computer network hierarchy, to which smaller networks typically connect.
Term
Gateway:
 Definition
A node on a network that serves as a portal to other networks
Term
World Wide Web (WWW):
 Definition
A set of software programs that enables users to access resources on the Internet via hypertext documents.
Term
hypertext link:
 Definition
Highlighted or underlined text in a Web page that, when clicked, links the user to another location or Web page.
Term
Web page:
 Definition
An HTML document containing one or more elements (text, images, hyperlinks) that can be linked to or from other HTML pages.
Term
Web site:
 Definition
A World Wide Web server and its content; includes multiple Web page
Term
Web browser:
 Definition
A software application that enables users to access and view Web pages on the Internet.
Term
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP):
 Definition
A suite of protocols that turns data into blocks of information called packets, which are then sent across the Internet. The standard protocol used by the Internet.
Term
Packet:
 Definition
Data processed by protocols so it can be sent across a network.
Term
Router:
 Definition
A device that routes packets between networks based on network-layer addresses; determines the best path across a network. Also used to connect separate LANs to form a WAN.
Term
Internet Service Provider (ISP):
 Definition
An organization that maintains a gateway to the Internet and rents access to customers on a per-use or subscription basis.
Term
Modem:
 Definition
Abbreviation for modulator/ demodulator. An analog device that enables computers to communicate over telephone lines by translating digital data into audio/ analog signals (on the sending computer) and then back into digital form (on the receiving computer).
Term
Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN):
 Definition
A communication standard for sending voice, video or data over digital telephone lines
Term
bandwidth:
 Definition
The amount of information, sometimes called traffic, that can be carried on a network at one time. The total capacity of a line. Also, the rate of data transfer over a network connection; measured in bits per second.
Term
network interface card (NIC):
 Definition
A circuit board within a computer's central processing unit that serves as the interface enabling the computer to connect to a network.
Term
wireless access point (AP):
 Definition
A device that enables wireless systems to communicate with each other, provided that they are on the same network.
Term
Standard:
 Definition
A definition or format that has been approved by a recognized standards organization
Term
Digital Subscriber Line (DSL):
 Definition
A high-speed direct Internet connection that uses all-digital networks.
Term
xDSL:
 Definition
Collectively, the variations of Digital Subscriber Line (DSL), which include ADSL, RADSL and HDSL.
Term
4G (fourth generation):
 Definition
Wireless phone network capable of delivering highspeed broadband Internet access to mobile devices.
Term
4G mobile hotspot:
 Definition
A device that connects a wireless local area network to a wireless phone network at broadband speeds.
Term
Internet Protocol (IP):
 Definition
The data Transmission standard for the Internet. Every Computer connected to the Internet has its own IP address, which enables a packet of data to be delivered to a specific computer.
Term
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA):
 Definition
The international Organization responsible for allocation of IP Addresses. Part of the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN).
Term
Hexadecimal:
 Definition
A base-16 number system that allows large numbers to be displayed by fewer characters than if the number were displayed in the regular base-10 system. In hexadecimal, the number 10 is represented as the letter A, 15 is represented as F, and 16 is represented as 10.
Term
Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP):
 Definition
A protocol that allows a computer to connect to the Internet over a phone line.
Term
Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet (PPPoE):
 Definition
protocol that implements PPP on top of the Ethernet architecture to connect an entire network to the Internet.
Term
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP):
 Definition
The protocol for transporting HTML documents across the Internet.
Term
File Transfer Protocol (FTP):
 Definition
An Internet protocol used to transfer files between computers; allows file transfer without corruption or alteration.
Term
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP):
 Definition
The Internet standard protocol for transferring e-mail messages from one computer to another.
Term
Post Office Protocol (POP):
 Definition
A protocol that resides on an incoming mail server. A one-way communication path. Your device asks us for data and pulls from the incoming mail servers -- but that's it. Things you do on your device have no effect on the mail on the server.
Term
Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP):
 Definition
A protocol that resides on an incoming mail server. Similar to POP, but is more powerful. Allows sharing of mailboxes and multiple mail server access. A two-way communication path (IMAP). Unlike with POP, your devices talk back to the incoming mail servers and sync your changes automatically with IMAP. When you sign in to your email account in a web browser, actions you've taken on your email client or mobile device (like putting a message in a 'work' folder) will also appear on the server. This all happens automatically once you set up IMAP. IMAP is really helpful when accessing email from multiple devices.
Term
Usenet (User Network):
 Definition
A collection of thousands of Internet computers, newsgroups and newsgroup members using Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP) to exchange information.
Term
Newsgroup:
 Definition
On Usenet, a subject or other topical interest group whose members exchange ideas and opinions. Participants post and receive messages via a news server.
Term
Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP):
 Definition
The Internet protocol used by news servers that enables the exchange of newsgroup (Usenet) articles.
Term
Domain Name System (DNS):
 Definition
A system that maps uniquely hierarchical names to specific Internet addresses.
Term
domain name:
 Definition
An IP address represented in words.
Term
Host:
 Definition
A computer that other computers can use to gain information. In network architecture, a host is a client or workstation.
Term
fully qualified domain name (FQDN):
 Definition
The complete domain name of an Internet computer, such as www.CIWcertified.com
Term
root-level server:
 Definition
A server at the highest level of the Domain Name
Term
Top-level domain:
 Definition
The group into which a domain is categorized, by common topic (company, educational institution) and/or geography (country, state).
Term
domain name server:
 Definition
A server that resolves domain names into IP addresses.
Term
virtual domain:
 Definition
A hosting service that allows a company to host its domain name on a third-party ISP server.
Term
shared domain:
 Definition
A hosting service that allows multiple entities to share portions of the same domain name.
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