Term
| Correlate crystallines (alpha, beta, gamma) with age |
|
Definition
| insoluble crystallines increase with age |
|
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Term
| Lens glucose metabolism is mainly.... |
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Definition
|
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Term
| lens develops from which tissue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is another name for basement membrane of lens epithelium |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Compare and adult lens to a child's lens |
|
Definition
Thicker
Brighter
More spherical |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
| Differentiate between primary and secondary congenital aphakia |
|
Definition
Primary-no lens develops from surface ectoderm at all
Secondary-Lens resorbed/expelled in utero |
|
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Term
| Describe the vision of someone with congenital aphakia |
|
Definition
Severely reduced/blindness
nystagmus
amblyopia |
|
|
Term
| Describe how the eyes look in congenital aphakia |
|
Definition
Microphthalmos
Microcornea
lack of fully formed anterior segment
small palpebral fissure |
|
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Term
| Smaller than normal diameter lens |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Which syndrome is associated with Microphakia? What is the shape of the lens? |
|
Definition
Lowe's syndrome
Disc shaped lens |
|
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Term
| Name 4 causes of microspherophakia |
|
Definition
Familial
Weill-Marchesani syndrome
Marfan's syndrome
Hyperlysinemia |
|
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Term
| Refractive error associated with microspherophakia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe developmental basis for lens coloboma |
|
Definition
| Incomplete closure of ocular fetal fissure |
|
|
Term
| Subjective findings with lens coloboma |
|
Definition
| reduced VAs, irregular astigmatism, accommodative dysfunction |
|
|
Term
| Objective findings with lens coloboma |
|
Definition
| Iris, choroid, retina and optic nerve may also show coloboma |
|
|
Term
| How is lens coloboma treated? |
|
Definition
Spectacles
prosthetic iris contact lens |
|
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Term
| A rare condition with a circumscribed round bulge at posterior axial zone of lens that increases in size with age |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Axial projection of central 3-4mm of lens associated with Alport's syndrome |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lens completely dislocated from pupillary space |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lens partially dislocated from pupillary space |
|
Definition
| Subluxated ectopia lentis |
|
|
Term
| 5 ways in which ectopia lentis may be acquired |
|
Definition
trauma (zonular rupture)
Very large eyes
Anterior uveal tumours
Syphilis
Hypermature cataract |
|
|
Term
| Systemic triad of Marfan's syndrome |
|
Definition
Cardiac Anomalies
Skeletal Anomalies
Muscular Underdevelopment |
|
|
Term
| Specify the cardiac anomalies associated with Marfan's syndrome |
|
Definition
Aneurysm of ascending aorta
aortic regurgitation |
|
|
Term
| Specify the skeletal anomalies in Marfan syndrome |
|
Definition
Long limbs disproportionate to trunk
long fingers
high arched palate
mild joint laxity |
|
|
Term
| Why do people with Marfan's syndrome often develop hernias? |
|
Definition
| due to their muscular underdevelopment |
|
|
Term
| What direction does the lens tend to displace in Marfan's syndrome? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| List the ocular features of Marfan's syndrome |
|
Definition
Bilateral, nonprogressive, upward lens subluxation
Angle anomaly (dense iris processes and thick trabecular sheets)
Retinal detachment
Hypoplasia of dilator pupillae muscle
Flat corneas
Axial myopia (big globes) |
|
|
Term
- Dystrophia mesodermalis hyPOplasia
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Dystrophia mesodermalis hyPERplasia |
|
Definition
| Weill-Marchesani Syndrome |
|
|
Term
| Genetic Inheritance of both Marfan's and Weill-Marchesani |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Systemic features of Weill-Marchesani |
|
Definition
Small, short stubby fingers (brachydactylyl)
Mental handicap |
|
|
Term
| Direction of lens dislocation in Weill-Marchesani syndrome |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ocular features of Weill Marchesani syndrome |
|
Definition
Microspherophakia
Lens dislocation
Angle anomaly |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cystathione synthetase deficiency at birth that results in high levels of homocystine in plasma and urine |
|
|
Term
| What causes the vascular complications in homocystinuria |
|
Definition
| Increase in platelet stickiness causes thrombosis |
|
|
Term
| Describe systemic features of Homocystinuria |
|
Definition
| Like Marfan's but with less arachnodactylyl, vascular complications, fine/light hair and malar flush |
|
|
Term
| Ocular features of Homocystinuria |
|
Definition
Downward lens subluxation
disintegration of zonules
Secondary glaucoma-due to pupil block |
|
|
Term
| lysine dehydrogenase deficiency that results in mental handicap, retardation and microspherophakia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fleck/wedge cataracts and ectopia lentis in which disorder? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Collagen disorder from hydroxylysine deficit that results in hyperelastic skin, joints, aneurysms, angioid streaks, keratoconus etc. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Secretion of amyloid-like fibrillogranular material off the iris, ciliary body, zonules and lens epithelium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Objective findings with pseudoexfoliation |
|
Definition
bulls-eye pattern on lens
flake material/pigment in angle
pupillary ruff atrophy
iris transillumination defects
krukenberg spindle |
|
|
Term
| Treatment process for pseudoexfoliation |
|
Definition
Treat secondary glaucoma
Trabeculoplasty to prevent clogging
Cataract surgery
Lens extraction |
|
|
Term
| Secondary cataract due to acute congestive acute angle closure glaucoma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Causes development of oil droplet cataract within first few days/weeks of life due to diet |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Differentiate between Galactosemia and Galactokinase deficiency |
|
Definition
Galactosemia-cannot use galatose metabolically, severe disease and even death with the wrong diet.
Galactokinase def.-cannot metabolize galactose, those affected are still healthy |
|
|
Term
| Cataract type associated with galactokinase deficiency |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cataract associated with Mannosidosis |
|
Definition
| Spoke-like posterior subcapsular Cataract |
|
|
Term
| Mannose-rich oligosaccharide accumulation due to alpha-mannosidase deficency |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ocular Manifestations of Lowe's syndrome |
|
Definition
Microphakia with lens opacities (capsular, nuclear or total)
50% have congenital glaucoma |
|
|
Term
| Describe cataracts in hypocalcemic syndromes |
|
Definition
| multicolored crystals/ flecks in lens that seldom progress to maturity |
|
|
Term
| Cataracts with myotonic dystrophy |
|
Definition
subcapsular and cortical polychromatic glistening granules (blue-dot) cataract
-->PSC
-->Total |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common cause of congenital cataracts? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 5 Classic congenital rubella signs |
|
Definition
Sensorineuronal defects
Cataracts in 15%
Heart defect (PDA)
Microcephaly
Severe mental retardation |
|
|
Term
Which type of cataract can form as a result of uveitis (due to either the inflammation or treatment)
|
|
Definition
| Posterior or Anterior Subcapsular |
|
|
Term
| Type of cataract most common in Hereditary Fundus Dystrophies |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cataract formation associated with aniridia |
|
Definition
| Posterior or anterior subcapsular |
|
|
Term
| What can cause true lens exfoliation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name some essential vitamins and minerals in which deficency can lead to cataract formation |
|
Definition
Vit B, A, C,E
zinc
Selenium
lutein
xeathanthin |
|
|
Term
| Cataract associated with steroids |
|
Definition
Posterior Subcapsular
Anterior may also form eventually |
|
|
Term
Which drug is associated with 5 stages of cataract development
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Amiodarone-cataract formation |
|
Definition
fine anterior subcapsular lens opacities
do not affect VAs |
|
|
Term
| What are Psoralen compounds? |
|
Definition
| Photosensitizing (UV absorbing) drugs |
|
|
Term
| Correlation of Rheumatoid arthritis and cataracts |
|
Definition
Some use Chrysiasis to treat, which is colloidal gold.
Can cause fine yellow dust-like deposits in the lens and corneal stroma |
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