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Lehne Chapter 92-93 Antivirals 1+2
Antivirals 1+2
22
Pharmacology
Undergraduate 3
12/06/2009

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Term
What is the mechanism of action of zcyclovir?
Definition
It inhibis viral replication oby suppressing synthesis of viral DNA. It must undergo activation first by thymidine kinase. It then inhibits dna synthesis by inhibiting viral dna polymerases and becoming incorporated into the growing strand of viral dna.
Term
What is the first drug of choice for treatment of herpes simplex and varicella-zosters virus?
Definition
Acyclovir
Term
How is resistance to acyclovir achieved?
Definition
decreased production of thymidine kinase, alteration of thymidine kinase such that it no longer convers acyclovir to acyclo-gmp and alterations of viral dna polymerase such that it is less sensitive to inhibition.
Term
What is the difference between topical and oral acyclovir?
Definition
Topical acyclovir is used for initial infections to reduce the duration of viral shedding. oral acyclovir is for reccurent infections.
Term
What are adverse effects of acyclovar?
Definition
intravenous therapy-phlebitis and inflammation at infusion site.
Term
Why do immunocompromised people nee d to worry about cytomegalovirus?
Definition
Because in normal people it causes minimal systems once and then goes dormant for the rest of their life. In immunocompromised individuals because of reactivation of CMV
Term
What is the mechanism of action for Ganciclovir?
Definition
It is converted to tis active form ganciclovir triphosphate, and suppresses dna replication by inhibiting viral dna polymerase and undergoing incorporation into the growing DNA chain.
Term
What are the two uses for ganciclovir?
Definition
treatment of CMV reinitis and immunocompromises patients. Prevention of CMV infection in transplant patients considered at risk.
Term
What are adverse effects of ganciclovir?
Definition
Granulocytopenia and thrombocytopenia.
Term
Which forms of hepatitis are chronic?
Definition
BCD
Term
What is the most effective treatment for hepatitis C?
Definition
pegylated interferon alfa combined with ribavirin.
Term
What are the classes of interferon in humans?
Definition
alpha beta and gamma.
Term
What is the chemical difference between conventional versus long acting interferon preparations?
Definition
long term products are boudn to polyehtylene gycol in a process known as pegylation.
Term
What two long term interferons are available?
Definition
pegylated interferone alfa02a and peginterferon alfa-2b
Term
What are the adverse effects of interferon administration?
Definition
flu-like syndrome, also neuropsychiartic effects especially depression. prolonged or high dose therapy can cause fatigue, thyroid dysfunction, heart damage, and bone marrow suppression, manifesting as neurtopenia and thrombocytopenia.
Term
What are the actions and therapeutic use of Ribavirin? (orally)
Definition
with subQ peginterferon alfa is treatment of choice for chrnoic hepatitis c.
Term
What are the adverse effects of ribavirin?
Definition
severe depression, flu like symptoms, hemolytic anemia, birth defects,
Term
What happens to the body in hepatitis B?
Definition
chronic infection can lead to cirrhosis.
Term
What are the two types of influenza vaccine?
Definition
inactivated influenza vaccine and 2 live attenuated influenza vaccine.
Term
What are the adverse effects of a flu shot? (inactivated) [live]
Definition
(uncomon but possible guillain-barre syndrome.) [some anaphylaxis two cases of GBS
Term
What are contradictions for the flu vaccine?
Definition
people with acute febrile illness should defer vaccination, also contraindicated for persons with hypersensitivity to eggs.
Term
What is the therapeutic use of amantadine?
Definition
prophylaxis and treatment of respiratory tract infections caused by type A. Not active against type B.
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