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leg muscles
origins, insertions, and actions
28
Biology
Undergraduate 3
03/25/2009

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Term
Psoas Major
Definition
Actions — together with iliac us, prime mover for flexing thigh or flexing trunk on thigh during a bow; also effects lateral flexion of vertebral column
Term
Iliacus
Definition
Actions — Along with psoas major, prime mover for flexing thigh or for flexing trunk on thigh during a bow
Term
Sartorius
Definition
Actions — Flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates thigh; flexes knee (weak) as in a soccer kick; also known as “tailor’s muscle”
Term
Adductor Magnus
Definition
Actions — Anterior part adducts and medially rotates and flexes thigh; posterior part is a synergist of hamstrings in thigh extension
Term
Adductor Longus
Definition
Actions — adducts, flexes, and medially rotates thigh
Term
Adductor Brevis
Definition
Actions —adducts and medially rotates thigh
Term
Gracilis
Definition
Actions — adducts thigh, flexes and medially rotates thigh, especially during walking; flexes knee
Term
Rectus Femoris
Definition
Actions — extends knee and flexes thigh at hip
Term
Vastus Lateralis
Definition
Actions — extends and stabilizes knee
Term
Vastus Medialis
Definition
Actions — extends knee; inferior fibers stabilize patella
Term
Vastus Intermedius
Definition
Actions —extends knee
Term
Tensor Fasciae Latae
Definition
Actions — flexes and abducts thigh (thus a synergist of the iliopsoas and gluteus medius and minimus muscles; rotates thigh medially
Term
Gluteus Maximus
Definition
Actions — major extensor of thigh; laterally rotates and abducts thigh
Term
Gluteus Medius
Definition
Actions — abducts and medially rotates thigh; steadies pelvis
Term
Gluteus Minimus
Definition
Actions — abducts and medially rotates thigh; steadies pelvis
Term
Biceps Femoris
Definition
Actions — extends thigh and flexes knee; laterally rotates leg, especially when knee is flexed
Term
Semitendinosus
Definition
Actions — extends thigh at hip; flexes knee; along with semimembranosus, medially rotates leg
Term
Semimembranosus
Definition
Actions — extends thigh and flexes knee, medially rotates leg
Term
Gastrocnemius
Definition
Actions — plantar flexes foot when knee is extended; since it also crosses knee joint, it can flex knee when foot is dorsiflexed
Term
Soleus
Definition
Actions — plantar flexes foot; important locomotor and postural muscle during walking, running, and dancing
Term
Tibialis Posterior
Definition
Actions — agonist of foot inversion; plantar flexes foot; stabilizes medial longitudinal arch of foot (as during ice skating)
Term
Flexor Digitorum Longus
Definition
Actions — plantar flexes and inverts foot; flexes toes; helps foot “grip” ground
Term
Flexor Hallucis Longus
Definition
Actions — plantar flex and inverts foot; flexes great toe at all joints; “push off” muscle during walking
Term
Fibularis Longus
Definition
Actions — plantar flexes and everts foot; may help keep foot flat on ground
Term
Fibularis Brevis
Definition
Actions — plantar flexes and everts foot
Term
Tibialis Anterior
Definition
Actions — agonist of dorsiflexion; inverts foot; assists in supporting medial longitudinal arch of foot
Term
Extensor Digitorum Longus
Definition
Actions — agonist of toe extension (acts mainly at metatarsophalangeal joints); dorsiflexes foot
Term
Extensor Hallucis Longus
Definition
Actions — extends great toe; dorsiflexes foot
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