EQc7.1

Thermal Comfort

Design

intent?

Thermal Comfort:  Design

Provide a comfortable thermal environment that supports the productivity and well-being of building occupants

EQc7.1  

Thermal Comfort:  Design

Requirements?

EQc7.1 Thermal Comfort:  Design

Design HVAC systems and building envelope to meet ASHRAE 55-2004 (Thermal Comfort Conditions for Human Occupancy)

Demonstrate design compliance with Section 6.1.1 Documentation

EQc7.1

Thermal Comfort:  Design

Strategies?

EQc7.1  Thermal Comfort:  Design

Establish comfort criteria per ASHRAE Standard 55-2004 that support the desired quality and occupant satisfaction with building performance.

Design building envelope and systems with the capability to deliver performance to the criteria under expected environmental and use conditions.

Evaluate air temp, radiant temp, air speed, relative humidity in an integrated fashion.

Coordinate criteria with EQp1, EQc1, EQc2

EQc7.1

Thermal Comfort:  Design

What is the Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) comfort model?

From ASHRAE 55-2004

incorporates heat balance principles to relate personal + environmental thermal comfort factors based on a sensation scale that shows 7 levels from

+3 (hot) to -3 (cold)

EQc7.1

Thermal Comfort:  Design

What are the 3 basic approaches to providing thermal comfort in a project space?

Active Conditioning  (mechanical systems)

Passive Systems (natural ventilation)

Mixed-mode - combination

EQc7.2

Thermal Comfort:  Verification

Intent?

EQc7.2

Thermal Comfort:  Verification

Provide for the assessment of building thermal comfort over time.

EQc7.2 Thermal Comfort:  Verification

Requirements?

Implement thermal comfort survey of building occupants in 6-18 mos after occupancy.

Assessment to be anonymous

Agree to develop plan of action if more than 20% of responses are dissatisfied.

Plan of action to include measurement of relevant environmental variables in problem areas in accordance with ASHRAE 55-2004

EQc7.2  Thermal Comfort:  Verification

Strategies?

Identify key areas of focus for occupant survey.

Anticipate provisions for analysis of environmental variables should the survey identify problems.

Provide occupants with a survey to gauge satisfaction; have them identify their location in the building by zone or voluntarily by exact location.

Corrective actions:  control adjustments (setpoints, schedules, operating modes), diffuser airflow adjustments and solar control.

EQc8.1  Daylight and Views

Daylight 75% of spaces

intent?

Provide building occupants with a connection between indoor spaces and the outdoors through the introduction of daylight and views into the regularly occupied areas of the building.

EQc8.1  Daylight and Views

Daylight 75% of Spaces

Requirements?

Option 1:  Glazing Factor Calculation

Min 2 % Glazing Factor in 75% of all spaces

        Glazing Factor = Window Area  x Window      x Actual Tvis     x Window

                               Floor Area       Geometry     Min. Tvis          Ht Factor

Option 2:  Daylight Simulation Model

Min Daylight Illumination level of 25 footcandles in 75% of all spaces.

Clear sky conditions at noon, on equinox at 30" above floor

Option 3:  Daylight Measurements

Demonstrate through records of indoor light measurements that Min Daylight Illumination level of 25 footcandles has been achieved in 75% of all spaces.

Conduct measurements on a 10' x 10' grid.

• Maximize interior daylighting
  
• Building Orientation - long along N-S direction
  
• Shallow Floor Plates
  
• Increased Building Perimeter
  
• Exterior and interior shading devices to reduce glare - light shelves, fins, louvers, adjustable blinds
  
• Courtyards, atriums, clerestory windows, skylights
• High performance glazing
  
• Automatic photocell based controls

EQc8.1 Daylight 75%

Heights for Vision Glazing and Daylight Glazing?

Daylight Glazing:  above 7'-6" high
this is the most effective height for distributing daylight deep into the interior space

Vision Glazing:  2'-6" - 7'-6"

These areas are primarily used for viewing and lighting interior spaces closest to the building perimeter

Windows below 2'-6" do not contribute to daylighting and are excluded from these calculations.

EQc8.1

Daylighting 75%

Which areas are excluded from calculations of regularly occupied spaces?

Support spaces:

Hallways

Foyers

Storage areas

Mech rooms

Restrooms

EQc8.1

Daylighting 75%

Name common glare control strategies

Fixed Exterior Shading Devices

Light shelf, interior or exterior

Interior Blinds or shades

Fritted Glazing

Drapes

Electronic Blackout shading

Interior / Exterior fins or louvers

EQc8.1  Daylighting 75%

In a Daylight Simulation Model:

Grid at what height?

Grid at what spacing?

Date / time criteria?

Minimum footcandles?

Daylight Simulation Model:

Grid at 30" high (desk height)

Grid at 2'x2' spacing

Clear sky conditions at Noon on equinox for project's geographic location

25  footcandles Minimum for 75% of regularly occupied spaces

EQ c 8.1 Daylighting 75%

Exemplary Performance Credit?

1 credit for exemplary performance under ID if project achieves 95% daylighting

EQc8.1  Daylighting 75%

How can this credit be approached so that 100% of each room does not have to meet the 2% daylight factor or the 25 footcandle reqt?

The portion of the room that satisfies the reqt can be listed as such (Open Office-Daylight) and counted towards the percentage

The portion of the room not meeting the reqt (Open Office-Non-Daylight) would not count towards the compliant area total but would be considered as part of the total area calculations.

EQc8.1  Daylighting 75%

For the glazing factor calculation method (Option1), which data is required?

Occupied space area (sf)

Area of each type of glazing (sidelighting vision, sidelighting daylight, flat skylight, sawtooth, vertical monitor) in sf

Tvis - Visible Light Transmittance for each glazing type (from manf)

EQc8.2  Views for 90% of spaces

intent?

EQc8.2  Views for 90% of spaces

Provide the building occupants with a connection between indoor and outdoors spaces through  the introduction of daylight and views into the regularly occupied areas of the building

EQc8.2 Views for 90% of Spaces

Reqts?

Achieve direct line of sight to the outdoors via vision glazing (2'-6" - 7'-6" AFF) in 90% of regularly occupied spaces:

Plan View: area is within sight lines  drawn from perimeter vision glazing

Section view: direct sight line (42" AFF)can be drawn from the area to perimeter vision glazing

Line of sight may be drawn through interior glazing

Movable furniture and partitions are not included in scope of calculation

For private offices, the entire sf can count if 75% of area has direct sight line

For multi-occupant spaces, actual sf with direct line of sight counts

EQc8.2  Views for 90% of all Spaces

Strategies?

Lower partition heights

interior glazing

EQc8.2 

Views for 90% of Spaces

Exemplary Performance?

This credit may be eligible for one credit under ID however there is no prescribed threshold

Projects will be evaluated on a case by case basis.

ID credits

Name 2 main types

1.  EXEMPLARY PERFORMANCE:  Greatly exceeding the reqts of existing LEED credits = doubling credit reqts or next increment

2.  Innovation strategies not addressed by existing LEED credits:  comprehensive approach, have significant measurable environmental benefits.

IDc2

LEED AP

Submitted when?

Data reqd?

Construction Submittal

Name of LEED AP

Name of LEED AP's company

Brief Description of LEED AP's project role(s)

Copy of LEED AP certificate

EQp1

Minimum IAQ Performance

Intent?

EQp1:  Minimum IAQ Performance

Establish minimum IAQ performance to enhance indoor air quality in buildings thus contributing to the comfort + well-being of the occupants

EQp1

Minimum IAQ performance

Reference Standard

ASHRAE 62.1-2004

Sections 4-7

Chapter 5 for naturally ventilated buildings

EQp1

Minimum IAQ Performance

Strategies

Active Mech system - meet ASHRAE 62.1-2004 sect 6 Ventilation rate procedure

Passive

Mixed

EQp2

Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) Control

Intent?

EQp2

ETS control

REQTS?

In all cases:   Locate designated smoking areas 25' from entries, outdoor air intake & operable windows

Option 1:  Prohibit Smoking

Option 2:  Prohibit smoking except in designated areas.

Locate smoking rooms to contain, capture & remove ETS from building.  No recirculating air to other spaces; impermeable deck to deck partitions; create negative pressure with adjacent spaces

Option 3:  Residential:  Prohibit smoking in common areas.

Minimize ETS transfer between units by sealing all penetrations in ceilings & floors.  Weatherstrip all doors; demonstrate acceptable sealing with blower door test.

EQc1

Outdoor Air Delivery Monitoring

intent?

EQc1 

Outdoor Air Delivery Monitoring

reqts?

Install CO2 & airflow monitoring eqpt & feedback info to HVAC system of building automation system to trigger corrective action or trigger alarms so occupants can correct

at +/- 10% of design minimums 

for ASHRAE 62.1 2004

EQc1

Outdoor Air Delivery Monitoring

How is this measured?

Which type of rooms are measured and how?

Dense locations = 25 people/ 1000sf -- mount CO2 monitors  between 3'-6' AFF in 

Non-dense = less than 25 people/ 1000sf = provide a direct outdoor airflow measurement device and compare against design minimums (ASHRAE 62.1-2004)

Naturally ventilated spaces - use CO2 monitors mounted between 3'-6' AFF

EQc2

Increased Ventilation

intent?

EQc2

Increased Ventilation

referenced standards

ASHRAE 62.1-2004 - go 30% above reqts

Carbon Trust Good Practice Guide 237

CIBSE Applications Manual 10:2005 - Natural Ventilation in non-domestic buildings

EQc2 

Increased Ventilation

Where does this credit make the most sense and why?

Makes the most sense in mild climates.

Increases HVAC size and cost in hot humid or cold climates

Natural ventilation also makes more sense in mild climates

There's more cost for operable windows & louvers but occupants are happier.

EQc2

Increased ventilation

% above ASHRAE 62.1-2004?

based on how many cfm/person?

what is the breathing zone?

30% above ASHRAE 62.1-2004

Based on benefits of 25 cfm/person

Breathing zone = 3'-6' AFF

EQc3.1

Construction IAQ Management Plan

During Construction

Intent?

EQc3.1

Construction IAQ Management Plan:  

During Construction

Reqts?

Develop & implement an IAQ mgmt plan:

During construction, meet or exceed control measures of SMACNA IAQ guidelines for buildings under construction, 1995, ch 3.

Protect stored on-site or installed absorptive materials from moisture damage.

If permanently installed air handlers are used during construction, use MERV 8 filters at all return air grilles (ASHRAE 52.2-1999)

Replace all filters prior to occupancy.

EQc3.1

Construction IAQ Management Plan

During Construction

Referenced Standards

SMACNA IAQ guidelines for Occupied Buildings Under Construction

ANSI/ASHRAE 52.2- 1999 - Method of Testing General Ventilation Air Cleaning Devices for Removal Efficiency by Particle Size

(MERV values)

EQc3.2

Construction IAQ Management Plan

Before Occupancy

intent?

EQc3.2

Construction IAQ Management Plan

Before Occupancy

Reqts?

Option 1:  FLUSHOUT

After construction, prior to occupancy, all finishes installed - total air volume of 14,000cuft of outdoor air per sf of floor area while maintaining indoor temp of 60% and humidity of 60%

OR FOR EARLIER OCCUPANCY,  provide a minimum of 3500cuft of outdoor air per sf of floor air.  Once occupied, provide 0.30cfm/sf of outside air or the design minimum outside air rate determined in EQp1.  Flushout shall begin 3 hours prior to occupancy.  Continue until 14000 has been delivered

OPTION 2  - AIR QUALITY TESTING

After construction ends and prior to occupancy, test using EPA standards, during normal occupied hours

One sample location per 25,000 sf taken in breathing zone ( 3'-6' AFF)over 4 hour period.